名詞單複數

1. 名詞單複數 名詞單數變成複數的規則

2. 龍 dragon + s = dragons 地毯 carpet + s = carpets 杯子 cup + s = cups 舞者 dancer + s = dancers 蛋 egg + s = eggs 豹 leopard + s = leopards 學校 school + s = schools 商店 shop + s = shops 窗戶 window + s = windows 字尾加上 “s”

3. 蜜蜂 bee + s = bees 單車 bike + s = bikes 蛋糕 cake + s = cakes 遊戲 game + s = games 大門 gate + s = gates 玩笑 joke + s = jokes 風箏 kite + s = kites 盤子 plate + s = plates 鏟子 spade + s = spades 鯨魚 whale + s = whales 字尾有 e , 只要加上 s

4. 加上 es 成為複數的字

5. ch結尾的字 • 拱門 arch + es = arches • 長椅 bench + es = benches • 枝幹 branch + es = branches • 教練 coach + es = coaches • 桃子 peach + es = peaches • 素描 sketch + es = sketches • 手錶 watch + es = watches • 女巫 witch + es = witches

6. sh 結尾的字 • 刷子 brush + es = brushes • 灌木叢 bush + es = bushes • 盤子 dish + es = dishes • 疹子 rash + es = rashes • 願望 wish + es =wishes

7. x 或 z 結尾的字 • 狐狸 fox + es = foxes • 盒子 box + es = boxes • 傳真 fax + es =faxes • 嗡嗡聲 buzz + es = buzzes • 華爾滋 waltz + es = waltez • 黃玉 topaz + es =topazes

8. s 或 ss 結尾的字 • 公車 bus + es = buses • 馬戲團 circus + es = circuses • 十字架 cross + es = crosses • 洋裝 dress + es = dresses • 玻璃杯 glass + es = glasses

9. o 結尾的字 • 火鶴 flamingo + es = flamingoes • 澳洲野犬 dingo + es = dingoes • 英雄 hero + es = heroes • 馬鈴薯 potato + es = potatoes • 蕃茄 tomato + es = tomatoes • 火山 volcano + es = volcanoes

10. 特殊結尾的字改成複數

11. y 結尾的名詞 →子音加 y,去 y 改成 ies • 嬰兒 baby i + es =babies • 小仙子 fairy i + es = fairies • 家庭 family i + es =families • 圖書館 library i + es = libraries • 故事 story i + es = stories • 草莓 strawberry i + es = strawberries

12. y 結尾的名詞 →母音加 y,只要加上 s即可 • 日子 day + s= days • 驢子 donkey + s = donkeys • 猴子 monkey + s = monkeys • 跑道 runway + s = runways • 托盤 tray + s = trays • 推車 trolley + s = trolleys • 火雞 turkey + s = turkeys • 山谷 valley + s = valleys • 道路 way + s = ways

13. f 結尾的字，先把 f 改成 v ，再加上 es • 小牛 calf v + es = calves • 精靈 elf v + es = elves • 一條 loaf v + es = loaves • 架子 shelf v + es = shelves • 小偷 thief v + es = thieves • 野狼 wolf v + es = wolves

14. fe結尾的字，先把 f 改成 v ，再加上s • life v + s = lives • knife v+ s = knives • wife v + s = wives

15. 不規則變化→不加 s 或 es • 老鼠 mouse ☞ mice • 小孩 child ☞ children • 腳 foot ☞ feet • 男人 man ☞ men • 女人 woman ☞ women • 牙齒 tooth ☞ teeth

16. 單複數同型的名詞 • 飛機 aircraft → aircraft • 鹿 deer → deer • 魚 fish → fish • 綿羊 sheep → sheep • 鯉魚 carp → carp • 鱈魚 cod → cod • 鮭魚 salmon → salmon • 鱒魚 trout → trout • 馴鹿 reindeer → reindeer

17. 不可數名詞

18. 常用不可數名詞

19. 句型 簡單句、否定句和疑問句

20. 簡單陳述句→主詞 + 動詞 • 只需主詞和動詞即可成立，是最單純的句型。 • He smiled. • The shop opens at ten. • She was singing all day long. • Our plane leaves at six thirty in the evening.

21. exercise

22. 主詞 + 動詞 + 受詞 • 除了需要主詞、動詞之外，還需要受詞才是完整的句子 • 受詞主要是名詞、代名詞 • He plays baseball. • She ate an apple at three o’clock. • She married Bob last month. • We reached Taipei Station ten minutes ago.

23. Exercise→找出句子的主詞、動詞和受詞 • Marie studies chemistry. 主詞( ) 動詞( ) 受詞 ( ) • The children are playing in the park. 主詞( ) 動詞( ) 受詞 ( ) • Children like candy. 主詞( ) 動詞( ) 受詞 ( ) • The teacher is erasing the board with her hand. 主詞( ) 動詞( ) 受詞 ( ) • Mike lives in Africa. 主詞( ) 動詞( ) 受詞 ( )

24. 否定句 • BE 動詞的否定：直接在BE動詞後面加上NOT • Tom is not a teacher. isn’t • Tom and Ann are not teachers. aren’t • I amnot a teacher.

25. Ann Jim Mr. Black Mike Mr. Rice Sue • Ann ___ a gardener. She ______________. • Mike ___ a gardener. He ____ a artist. • Jim ____ a bus driver. He _____________. • Sue ____ a photographer. She _________. • Mr. Rice ____ a police officer. He isn’t _____. • Mr. Black isn’t ______. He ______________.

26. 否定句 • 助動詞的否定：直接在助動詞後面加上NOT。 • I study hard. I do not study hard. • He drives a car. He does not drive a car.

27. 口語練習

28. 疑問句 • Yes/ No 問句：以下兩種問句，回答是都會用YES/NO來回答，故稱為YES/NO問句。會話時，句尾語調要上揚。 • Be動詞/助動詞的疑問句：原來肯定句中有BE動詞或助動詞時，只需將BE動詞或助動詞移至句首即可。 • 肯定句：He is a football player. • 疑問句：Is he a football player? • 肯定句：He can swim. • 疑問句：Can he swim?

29. Exercise→造問句 • She doesn’t speak English. →Does she speak English? • He isn’t in class today. • They don’t have dictionaries. • I sit in the same seat every day. • She studies hard. • My sister talkson the phone every day. • They aren’t from Japan.

30. WH問句 • 有些疑問句需要使用到下列疑問詞：who, what, which, when, where, why, how, whom, whose • 疑問詞依其功能分為「疑問代名詞」包括：who, what, which, whom, whose和「疑問副詞」包括：when, where, why, how。 • 這一類的問句，句尾語調不用上揚。

31. 疑問詞為主詞時 • 當疑問詞為主詞時，將疑問詞放在句首，其他字的順序則依照一般肯定句的排法。 • A: Who broke the window? • B: Tom did.

32. 疑問詞為受詞或補語 • 當疑問詞為受詞或補語時，則依照（疑問詞＋BE動詞/助動詞＋主詞＋動詞）的順序即可。 • A: What did you buy at that shop? • B: I bought a sandwich.

33. exercise • A: ____ is this? B: It’s hers. • A: ____ will speak first? B: Alice. • A: ____ caused the loss(損失)? B: The typhoon did. • A: ___ did he go to the concert? B: By taxi. • A: ___ dish do you prefer, pork or beef? B: Pork, please.

34. 用適當的疑問詞造疑問句 • Jean eats lunch at the cafeteria at 11:30 every day. • Jean eats lunch at the cafeteria at 11:30 every day. • Jean eats lunch at the cafeteria at 11:30 every day. • Jean eats lunch at the cafeteria at 11:30 every day. • Jean eats lunch at the cafeteria at 11:30 every day.

35. 用適當的疑問詞造疑問句 • Peter works at the post office. • Peter works at the post office. • Ellen lives in a beautiful apartment. • Ellen lives in a beautiful apartment. • Ellen lives in a beautiful apartment. • The English-Chinese dictionary is on Tom’s desk. • The English-Chinese dictionary is on Tom’s desk. • The English-Chinese dictionary is on Tom’s desk

36. English Grammar

37. Unit 1 Understanding Sentence Basics • is not / very big / My family / .→My family is not very big. • only four people / There are / . • I / two parents / have / . • John / my father’s name / is / . • My mother’s name / is / Karina / . • have / I / one brother / . • His name / Andy / is / . • very much / I / my family / love /.

38. answer • My family is not very big. • There are only four people. • I have two parents. • John is my father’s name. • My mother’s name is Karina. • I have one brother. • His name is Andy. • I love my family very much.

39. Write about your family • ________________________________ • ________________________________ • ________________________________ • ________________________________ • ________________________________ • ________________________________ • ________________________________ • ________________________________

40. Capital Letter Incorrect: the boxes on the table are heavy. Correct: The boxes on the table are heavy. Incorrect: where do you live? Correct: Where do you live?

41. Capitalization Rules • The first word in a sentence. • The pronoun “I” • People’s title. • Proper names ( specific people and places). • Names of streets. • Geographical locations. • Languages and nationalities • The title of paragraphs, essays, and books. • Course names.

42. Do not capitalize…. • prepositions (to, in, on, of….) • conjunctions (and, but) • articles (a, an, the) EXCEPTION they are the first word of the title.

43. End a Sentence • with a period (.) • with a question mark (?) • with an exclamation point (!) • Incorrect: Taiwan is a small country • Correct: Taiwan is a small country. • Incorrect: I don’t like coffee with sugar • Correct: I don’t like coffee with sugar.

44. Unscrambling and Writing Sentences. • spaghetti / most kids / like • enjoy / they / the taste of spaghetti • the smell of spaghetti / they / love • tomato sauce / on their spaghetti / some kids / put • like / on their spaghetti / cheese / other kids

45. answer • Most kids like spaghetti. • They enjoy the taste of spaghetti. • They love the smell of spaghetti. • Some kids put tomato sauce on their spaghetti. • Other kids like cheese on their spaghetti.

46. Write Simple Sentences. • ________________________________ • ________________________________ • ________________________________ • ________________________________ • ________________________________

47. 現在式的表達

48. What do you do every morning? Make an order of your habits.

49. eat breakfast go to class put on my clothes drink a cup of coffee shave put on my make-up take a shower / bath get up pick up my books. walk to the bathroom watch TV turn off the alarm clock go to the kitchen brush / comb my hair say good-bye to my roommate brush my teeth do exercises wash my face stretch, yawn, and rub my eyes