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Issue 3: The Wars of Independence 1286-1328

Issue 3: The Wars of Independence 1286-1328.  ISSUE 3: Scottish resistance to Edward I, 1296-1305 SUB ISSUE 1: The growth of Scottish resistance to Edward, 1296-7 SUB ISSUE 2: The changing military balance between Scotland and England, 1298-1301

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Issue 3: The Wars of Independence 1286-1328

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  1. Issue 3: The Wars of Independence 1286-1328  ISSUE 3: Scottish resistance to Edward I, 1296-1305 SUB ISSUE 1: The growth of Scottish resistance to Edward, 1296-7 SUB ISSUE 2: The changing military balance between Scotland and England, 1298-1301 SUB ISSUE 3: The crushing of Scottish resistance by Edward, 1301-5

  2. Issue 3: The Wars of Independence 1286-1328 • Activity 1: Timeline of Events (70 minutes) • In order to understand the chronology you are going to create an accurate, detailed and imaginative timeline that will help you to understand the issue. • This timeline should include: • The murder of the Sherriff of Lanark, May 1297 • The end of the Southern Rebellion, Irvine, July 1297 • The Rebellion in the North • The Battle of Stirling Bridge, 11 September 1297 • The appointment of Wallace and Murray as Guardians • The Battle of Falkirk, 22nd July 1298 • Wallace’s resignation and the appointment of Robert Bruce (future King) and John Comyn (The Red Comyn of Badenoch) • Edward’s Invasion of 1303-4 • Wallace’s capture and execution, 1305

  3. The murder of the Sherriff of Lanark, May 1297 • The end of the Southern Rebellion, Irvine, July 1297 • The Rebellion in the North • The Battle of Stirling Bridge, 11 September 1297 • The appointment of Wallace and Murray as Guardians • The Battle of Falkirk, 22nd July 1298 • Wallace’s resignation and the appointment of Robert Bruce (future King) and John Comyn (The Red Comyn of Badenoch) • Edward’s Invasion of 1303-4 • Wallace’s capture and execution, 1305

  4. Issue 3: The Wars of Independence 1286-1328 Activity 2: Presentation to Class of Timeline (30 minutes) To ensure that you have a thorough understanding of events each person in the class will present their timeline to another member of the class. Academic Task: You will present your presentation 4 times to different people (4mins, 31/2 mins, 3mins and 2 1/2mins =13 minutes of presenting and 13 of listening). Ensure that you cover all the major events. Social Task: Succinct explanation of events, attentive listening in order to ask a probing question on your partner’s timeline

  5. The murder of the Sherriff of Lanark, May 1297 The end of the Southern Rebellion, Irvine, July 1297 The Rebellion in the North The Battle of Stirling Bridge, 11 September 1297 The appointment of Wallace and Murray as Guardians The Battle of Falkirk, 22nd July 1298 Wallace’s resignation and the appointment of Robert Bruce and John Comyn Edward’s Invasion of 1303-4 Wallace’s capture and execution, 1305

  6. Issue 3: The Wars of Independence 1286-1328 Activity 3: NecrophileFactfile(one who is morbidly attracted to corpses, not sexually attracted) on either: William Wallace, Andrew Murray and Hugh Cressingham Academic Task: (5 minutes) Booklet p. 31-33 You will compile a fact file with 5 important facts related to either (No. 1’s) William Wallace, (No. 2’s) Andrew Murray or (No.3’s) Hugh Cressingham. No. 4’s see me!!!!

  7. Issue 3: The Wars of Independence 1286-1328 • Academic Task: (5 minutes) • All the Wallaces, Murrays and Cressinghams join together in expert groups to discuss and amend their fact files as needed. • Social Task: • Equal contributions in the expert groups • Share ideas and opinions

  8. Issue 3: The Wars of Independence 1286-1328 • Academic Task: (20 minutes) • Lesson planning. You are going to decide in your expert groups how to teach your home groups about your Historical Character (5 minute lesson). • You could teach the information through a mnemonic , a rap, a stand and deliver exercise or anything you can come up with. • Social Task: • Reaching agreement/consensus • Teaching classmates • Lesson Plan: • Learning Intentions-WALT • Activity/ Activities • Summary of what has been learned

  9. Issue 3: The Wars of Independence 1286-1328 • Activity 4: Historical Debate- William Wallace • There are 3 key Historical debates in this issue: • Who was responsible for victory at Stirling Bridge, Wallace or Murray? • Why did the nobles allow Wallace to rule as Guardian? • 3. What effect did Wallace’s execution have on Scotland?

  10. Issue 3: The Wars of Independence 1286-1328  ISSUE 3: Scottish resistance to Edward I, 1296-1305 SUB ISSUE 1: The growth of Scottish resistance to Edward, 1296-7 SUB ISSUE 2: The changing military balance between Scotland and England, 1298-1301 SUB ISSUE 3: The crushing of Scottish resistance by Edward, 1301-5

  11. Issue 3: The Wars of Independence 1286-1328 You must be able to answer the following questions in detail from recall: Describe Scottish resistance to Edward I, 1296-1305. Describe the growth of Scottish resistance to Edward, 1296-7. Describe the changing military balance between Scotland and England, 1298-1301. Describe the crushing of Scottish resistance by Edward, 1301-5. ACTIVITY: Bullet point all the evidence of Scots resistance to Edward from 1296- 1305.

  12. Scottish resistance to Edward I, 1296-1297 • Murder of Sheriff of Lanark-May 1297 • Southern Rebellion- May to July 1297, Noble uprising in South-West capitulated at Irvine on 7th July • Wallace and Sir William Douglas raided Dumfriesshire and then attacked Ormesby at Scone • Northern Rebellion-May 1297, Sir Andrew Murray captured Inverness, Urquhart, Nairn and Banff, no English north of Tay by summer of 1297 • Moray joins with Wallace at Dundee in August 1297 and call themselves “Commanders of the Armies of Scotland” • Defeat of English forces at the Battle of Stirling Bridge- 11th September 1297 • Wallace and Murray appointed Guardians in the name of King John- Sep 1297

  13. Changing Military Balance, 1298-1301 Taking back of Scots Castles 1297-1298- all except Berwick and Roxburgh Scots raids on Newcastle and Carlisle- Early 1298 The Battle of Falkirk-22nd July 1298- Scots army routed but Nobles did not capitulate as readily as they had after their last defeat in the field at Dunbar in 1296 which showed that the Scots still had some effective military power John Comyn and Robert Bruce become Guardians-heads of two of the most powerful families in Scotland showing that the Scots nobility was still keen to stand up against the English John Comyn and John Soules become Guardians in1300 after resignation of Bruce. Leading Scots Nobles were no longer presenting a united military front Bruce resigns in 1300 and joins with Edward in 1302 Caerlaverock Castle, a strategic stronghold, is captured in 1300 by Edward as he campaigned in the south west of Scotland

  14. The Crushing of Scottish resistance-1301-1305 1301 - Edward I and son campaign in Southern Scotland 1302- 9 month truce between Scots and Edward May 1303 - Battle of Roslin, English defeated during a night raid May 1303 - English sign teaty with French King and Scotland left isolated June 1303 - Edward I invades Scotland May to July 1304- Siege of and then surrender of Stirling Castle Summer 1304- Scots nobles surrender to Edward-except Wallace and Soules August 1305- Wallace betrayed, captured, transported to London and executed gf

  15. CONTEXTUALISATION QUESTIONS ON ISSUE 3 How fully does Source X illustrate Scottish resistance to Edward I, 1296-1305? How far does Source X illustrate the growth of Scottish resistance to Edward, 1296-7? How far does Source X illustrate the changing military balance between Scotland and England, 1298-1301? How far does Source X illustrate the crushing of Scottish resistance by Edward, 1301-5

  16. HOW FULLY...? CONTEXTUALISATION QUESTIONS

  17. HOW FULLY...? CONTEXTUALISATION QUESTIONS Source C illustrates the growth of Scottish resistance to Edward I in 1296-7 as it states how Andrew Moray began the Northern Rebellion in 1296 by raising his Standard at Avoch on the Black Isle.

  18. HOW FULLY...? CONTEXTUALISATION QUESTIONS Source C illustrates the growth of Scottish resistance to Edward I in 1296-7 as it states how Andrew Moray began the Northern Rebellion in 1296 by raising his Standard at Avoch on the Black Isle. The source further illustrates Scottish resistance to Edward at the time by explaining how the rebellion attracted support from tenants and loyal vassals of the Moray family and the citizens of Inverness. The source tells us that the success of Scottish resistance to Edward in the north was down to their local knowledge of the ground and they used this to ambush the English constable of Urquart Castle. Finally the source explains how Moray and his followers captured a number of important castles, including Inverness, showing how Scottish resistance to Edward in the north of the country had escalated.

  19. HOW FULLY...? CONTEXTUALISATION QUESTIONS However, the source fails to illustrate that the Southern Rebellion of 1296 headed by nobles such as Comyn, Bruce and Stewart ended with their surrender to English forces at Irvine and this for a time looked like the end of resistance to Edward in the south of Scotland. The source also fails to mention the resistance to Edward I from Wallace and his followers who killed the Sherrif of Lanark and then moved to try and capture, and possibly killl, Ormesby at Scone.

  20. MARKING INSTRUCTIONS: POINTS FROM SOURCE

  21. MARKING INSTRUCTIONS: POINTS FROM RECALL

  22. HIGHER HISTORY: The Wars of Independence 1286-1328

  23. HIGHER HISTORY: The Wars of Independence 1286-1328

  24. HIGHER HISTORY: The Wars of Independence 1286-1328

  25. HIGHER HISTORY: The Wars of Independence 1286-1328 How far does Source D show the changing military balance between Scotland and England, 1298-1301? Source D illustrates the changing military balance between Scotland and England as it states how the Scots army burned Stirling and its castle in their retreat from the defeat at Falkirk which shows they did not believe they were strong enough to defend and hold the castle. Source D further illustrates the changing military balance between Scotland and England as it states how Edward rebuilt and garrisoned Stirling Castle which was a strategically important castle for the control of Scotland. Furthermore, Source D illustrates the changing military balance between Scotland and England as it states how Edward was travelling through Scotland taking and burning other castles that the Scots had left intact showing that the English were able to do as they wished. The source also illustrates the changing military balance between Scotland and England as it shows how Edward thought that he had once again subjugated the Scots as he distributed Scottish land and estates to his nobles at a parliament in Carlisle. Finally, the source illustrates the changing military balance between Scotland and England by stating that Wallace resigned as Guardian because he could not cooperate with the nobles. Again this shows the military balance tipping in favour of the English as the Scots were unable, perhaps unwilling, to unite and face Edward.

  26. HIGHER HISTORY: The Wars of Independence 1286-1328 How far does Source D show the changing military balance between Scotland and England, 1298-1301? However, the source fails to mention that the Battle of Falkirk changed the military balance completely as the common army of Wallace was destroyed by the archers and the cavalry of the English. The source also fails to mention that although the Scots were routed at Falkirk the Nobles did not capitulate as readily as they had after their last defeat in the field at Dunbar in 1296 which showed that the Scots still had some effective military power. Furthermore, the source fails to mention the appointment of new guardians, John Comyn and Robert Bruce, who were heads of two of the most powerful families in Scotland. This shows that the Scots nobility was still keen to stand up against the English. The source fails to mention the later resignation of Bruce in 1300 showing a shift in balance back towards the English as the leading Scots Nobles were no longer presenting a united military front. The source also fails to illustrate the shifting balance of power back to England through the capture of Caerlaverock Castle, a strategic stronghold, in 1300 by Edward as he campaigned in the south west of Scotland

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