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Networking Standards

Networking Standards. Objectives. Identify organizations that set standards for networking. Networking Standards Organizations.

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Networking Standards

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  1. Networking Standards

  2. Objectives • Identify organizations that set standards for networking

  3. Networking Standards Organizations • Standards: documented agreements containing technical specifications or other precise criteria stipulating how particular products or services should be designed or performed • Define minimum acceptable performance • Many different organizations have evolved to oversee computer industry’s standards

  4. ANSI • American National Standards Institute (ANSI) • Composed of more than a thousand representatives from industry and government • Represents United States in setting international standards • ANSI standards documents available: • ANSI’s Web site (www.ansi.org) • At university or public libraries

  5. EIA and TIA • Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA): Trade organization composed of representatives from electronics manufacturing firms across US • Sets standards for its members • Helps write ANSI standards • Lobbies for legislation favorable to growth of computer and electronics industries • Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA): Focuses on standards for information technology (IT), wireless, satellite, fiber optics, and telephone equipment

  6. IEEE • Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers • International society composed of engineering professionals • Goals are to promote development and education in electrical engineering and computer science • IEEE technical papers and standards are highly respected in the networking profession • Can purchase IEEE documents online from IEEE’s Web site (www.ieee.org)

  7. ISO • International Organization for Standardization • Collection of organization standards representing 146 countries • Goal is to establish international technological standards to facilitate global exchange of information and barrier-free trade

  8. ITU • International Telecommunication Union • Regulates international telecommunications: • Radio and TV frequencies • Satellite and telephony specifications • Networking infrastructure • Tariffs applied to global communications • Typically, documents pertain more to global telecommunications issues than to industry technical specifications

  9. ISOC • Internet Society • Professional membership society that helps to establish technical standards for the Internet • Oversees groups with specific missions: • Internet Architecture Board (IAB): Technical advisory group of researchers and professionals • Interested in overseeing Internet’s design and management • Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF): Sets standards for how systems communicate over the Internet • How protocols operate and interact

  10. IANA and ICANN • Internet Protocol (IP) addresses: Addresses used to identify computers on the Internet and other TCP/IP-based networks • Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA): Used to keep records of available and reserved IP addresses and determines how addresses were doled out • In 1997, coordinated efforts with three Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) • Not-for-profit agency that manages distribution of IP addresses to private and public entities

  11. IANA and ICANN (continued) • In late 1990s U.S. Department of Commerce (DOC) overhauled IP addressing and domain name management • Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN): Ultimately responsible for IP addressing and domain name management • IANA still performs system administration • Individuals and businesses lease addresses from Internet Service Provider (ISP) • Business providing access to Internet and other services

  12. Summary • Standards are documented agreements containing precise criteria that are used as guidelines to ensure that materials, products, processes, and services suit their purpose

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