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MECH-4310: Principles of Turbomachinery

MECH-4310: Principles of Turbomachinery. Instructor Information. Instructor: Dr. Bing-Chen Wang Email: bc_wang@umanitoba.ca Tel: (204) 474-9305 Office: E1-410 There will be one Teaching Assistants (TA) , who can also be consulted when you have questions during the course study. .

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MECH-4310: Principles of Turbomachinery

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  1. MECH-4310: Principles of Turbomachinery

  2. Instructor Information Instructor: Dr. Bing-Chen Wang Email: bc_wang@umanitoba.ca Tel: (204) 474-9305 Office: E1-410 There will be one Teaching Assistants (TA), who can also be consulted when you have questions during the course study.

  3. What is “Turbomachinery” ? • “turbo”or “turbinis”is Latin in origin and implies that which spins or whirls around. • A turbomachine is a rotating (as opposed to reciprocating) device that extracts energy from or adds energy to fluids. • There are two main categories of turbomachines, i.e. • those absorbs power (e.g., pumps, fans, compressors), and • those generates power (e.g. hydraulic, steam, and gas turbines) • A turbomachine changes the enthalpy of the working fluids.

  4. Review: Why “enthalpy”? First Law of Thermodynamics for an open system (based on control volumeanalysis) Therefore, What is enthalpy ? u: internal energy pv: flow work Important: All these parameters (h, u, p, v) are properties of a substance.

  5. Example 1a (system): Steam Power Plant Siemens Steam Plants (SSP™) Reference: http://www.powergeneration.siemens.com/products-solutions-services/power-plant-soln/steam-turbine-power-plants/

  6. Example 1b (system): Steam Turbine

  7. Example 2a: Tidal Stream Turbine Tidal power is the only form of energy which derives directly from the relative motions of the Earth-Moon system. Tidal power is practically inexhaustible and classified as a renewable energy source. Tidal energy is periodical and predictable. In contrast, wind and solar energies cannot be well-predicted. SeaGen is the world's first large scale commercial tidal stream generator. It is four times more powerful than any other tidal stream generator in the world. Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SeaGen

  8. Example 2b: Tidal Stream Turbine Click the following weblink: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tSBACzRE3Gw&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=994CD8692F04FA15

  9. Example 3: Turbo Engines Click the following weblink: http://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=17E887C02E1576E6 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y0uQzLC851c&feature=PlayList&p=17E887C02E1576E6&index=3

  10. Classification of Turbomachines • According to the function: • Pumps/compressors • Absorbing power • Turbines • Generating power • According to the flow direction: • Axial-flow turbomachine • Flow path parallel to axis of rotation • Radial-flow turbomachine • Flow path perpendicular to axis of rotation • Mixed-flow turbomachine • Both radial and axial flow components • According to the pressure change in a rotor: • Impulse (zero-reaction) turbomachine • Pressure changes across the nozzle/diffuser; • Pressure does not change across the rotor (or blades). • Reaction (zero impulse) turbomachine • Pressure changes across both the nozzle/diffuser and the rotor.

  11. Example 4a: Centrifugal Compressor Jet engine

  12. Example 4b: Centrifugal Turbines Turbine and nozzles Shaft and turbine

  13. Example 4c: Centrifugal Turbomachine Nozzles and turbine blades

  14. Example 5a: Axial Compressor 4-stage compressor A blade wheel (single stage) Jet engine

  15. Example 5b: Axial Turbine Axial gas turbine (rotor) Wind turbine Tidal turbine

  16. Example 5c: Axial Compressor Rotor (To transfer mechanical energy to kinetic energy of gas; to partially increase the pressure.) Stator (To increase the pressure; to transfer kinetic energy to potential/pressure energy.) 1 stage = 1 ring of stator blades +1 ring of stator blades

  17. Example 6: Impulse Turbines Simplest example Pelton hydraulic turbines No pressure changes across the blades

  18. Course Outline and Instructor Information • Instructor Information • Teaching Methods: Lectures, Labs & Tutorials • Policies on Academic Integrity • Textbook • Requirement and Evaluation • Method to Achieve Success • Syllabus For detailed explanation, please see the first course handout (Instructor information & Course syllabus).

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