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REST AND SLEEP

REST AND SLEEP. Rest is a state of mental and physical relaxation and calmness. body activities continue.. Sleep is a state of altered consciousness (non-voluntary) during which a person has minimal physical activity, changes in level of consciousness, and a slowing of physiologic processes.

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REST AND SLEEP

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  1. REST AND SLEEP • Rest is a state of mental and physical relaxation and calmness. body activities continue.. • Sleep is a state of altered consciousness (non-voluntary) during which a person has minimal physical activity, changes in level of consciousness, and a slowing of physiologic processes.

  2. Lying Down Reading a book Taking a walk Playing a board game TV cooking Cyclical Restorative Decreased motor activity Rest Sleep

  3. PHYSIOLOGY OF SLEEP • The stages of sleep are identified by EEG patterns, eye movements, and muscle activity. • Sleep phases are classified as non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. • Note: if sleep cycle is broken a new cycle starts with non-rem

  4. THE SLEEP CYCLE • The sequence of sleep begins with the four stages of NREM sleep,followed by the first REM sleep. • The duration of a sleep cycle is usually 60 to 90 minutes. • Sleeper generally goes through 4–6 cycles during sleep period of 7–8 hours.

  5. BIOLOGICAL CLOCK • An internal mechanism in a living organism capable of measuring time. • It controls the daily variations in hundreds of physiologic processes.

  6. FACTORS AFFECTING REST AND SLEEP • Physical comfort • Psychological factors • Environment • Lifestyle stressors • Diet • Medications and other substances • Age/aging

  7. Positive Comfort Workout Tryptophan drugs Negative Pain Hospital Cola, caffeine Heavy meal/hungry Drugs Illness Pregnancy Age Things That Affect Sleep

  8. Insomnia Hypersomnia Narcolepsy Sleep apnea/snoring Sleep deprivation Parasomnias Restless leg syndrome Periodic limb movement disorder Nocturnal sleep-related eating disorder SLEEP PATTERN ALTERATIONS

  9. INSOMNIA • Difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep. • Causes include stress, depression, medical problems, caffeine, alcohol, pain, poor sleep habits, smoking, or changes in sleep patterns related to travel or shift work. • Treatment is best focused on modifying the factors or behaviors causing it. Involves family solutions. • NX Dx sleep deprivation M/B irritability and confusion.

  10. HYPERSOMNIA • Characterized by excessive sleep, especially in the day time. • Causes can be physical or psychological. • Treat to address the underlying cause.

  11. NARCOLEPSY • Sudden, irresistible urge to fall asleep during the daytime. • Can occur during conversation or while driving. • Lasts few seconds or 30 minutes or more. • No cure; scheduled, daytime naps help.

  12. SLEEP APNEA/SNORING • Sleep apnea is a period, during sleep, of not breathing following a period of loud snoring, which may cause excessive daytime sleepiness and can increase the risk of heart attack or stroke.

  13. SLEEP APNEA/SNORING (continued) Treatment includes: • Nasal continuous positive airway pressure device (CPAP), . • Dental appliances that reposition the tongue. • Surgery.

  14. SLEEP DEPRIVATION • Term used for prolonged inadequate quality and quantity of sleep. • Can result from age, hospitalization, drug and substance use, illness, and frequent changes in lifestyle patterns. • Most effective intervention is to treat or minimize factors causing deprivation.

  15. PARASOMNIA • Disorders that intrude on sleep in very active ways. • Somnambulism (sleepwalking), sleeptalking, sleep terrors, REM movement disorder, bed wetting, bruxism (teeth grinding) are most common. • Treatment varies.

  16. RESTLESS LEG SYNDROME • Tingling or crawling in muscles; twitching, burning, prickling, or deep aching in the foot, calf or upper leg when at rest. • Only relieved by walking, standing, or moving or rubbing the legs. • Symptoms may be relieved by opiates, benzodiazepines, or L-dopa.

  17. PERIODIC LIMB MOVEMENTS IN SLEEP • Repetitive leg movements every 20 to 40 seconds throughout the night. • Multiple sleep interruptions occur, leading to daytime sleepiness and night-time insomnia

  18. NOCTURNAL SLEEP-RELATED EATING DISORDER (NSRED) • Rapid and chaotic eating when partially or fully awake with variable recall of the episode. • Clients gain weight with only moderate daytime eating, are not hungry in the morning, and are chronically tired.

  19. NURSING PROCESS–ASSESSMENT • Nature of sleep • Quality of sleep • Sleep environment • Associated factors • Opinion of sleep

  20. NURSING DIAGNOSIS • Disturbed sleep pattern • Sleep deprivation • Activity intolerance/related to lack of sleep as evidenced by verbal complaint, extreme fatigue, disorientation, confusion, and lack of energy

  21. PLANNING/OUTCOME IDENTIFICATION • Client input should be incorporated into the plan and goals. • Must focus on the true cause of the sleep alteration or disturbance.

  22. IMPLEMENTATION • A trusting nurse-client relationship • Relaxing environment • Relaxation techniques • Nutritional considerations • Pharmacological interventions • Client education

  23. Questions

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