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1789 – 1799 b y Ben (CBP)

Friday 10 February 2012. 1789 – 1799 b y Ben (CBP). S ummary. Ben (CBP), 13/02/2012. Background France in the XVIII th century Economical Crisis Age of Enlightenment Events The Bastille Reforms Taken Louis the XVI th War and Counter-Revolution The Terror The Directory Aftermath

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1789 – 1799 b y Ben (CBP)

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  1. Friday 10 February 2012 1789 – 1799 by Ben (CBP)

  2. Summary Ben (CBP), 13/02/2012 • Background • France in the XVIIIth century • Economical Crisis • Age of Enlightenment • Events • The Bastille • Reforms Taken • Louis the XVIth • War and Counter-Revolution • The Terror • The Directory • Aftermath • Figures • Influence • Comment Liberty Leading The Masses Delacroix, 1830 1789 1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799

  3. I. Background Ben (CBP), 13/02/2012 • France in the XVIIIth century Map of Europe in 1789 1789 1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799

  4. I. Background Ben (CBP), 13/02/2012 • French Kingdom • Since 481 A.D. • Absolute Monarchy with Advisors • Divine Right of kings • The Bourbon Line • Louis the XIVth(1643 – 1715) • Moved to Versailles • Lived in Luxury • Louis the XVth(1715 – 1774) • Kept a Luxurious Life Style • Very Lazy => Debts • Louis the XVIth(1774 – 1792) • Kind and Timid => Not fit for King • Wanted to satisfy everyone • France in the XVIIIth century Paris Versailles 20 km View of Versailles A Luxurious Lifestyle Paris and Versailles before 1789 1789 1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799

  5. I. Background Ben (CBP), 13/02/2012 • The Nobility (The Feudal System) • Owns Land • Has a lot of Advantages • Taxes Citizens on its Land • The Church (Involved in Politics) • Is the Largest Landowner (10% of the land) • Doesn’t pay Tax • Charges a 10% Tax on the people revenue “The Part for the Poors”, not given • The People (90% of the Population) • Is working very hard • Mostly uneducated • Few are richer and educated but pay taxes • France in the XVIIIth century The Feudal System 1789 1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799

  6. I. Background Ben (CBP), 13/02/2012 • France in Bankruptcy (1,000 – 2,000 million livres) • Tax exemption for Clergy and Nobility • Participation in the American Revolutionnary War • Necker’s Report is Rejected: • Remove the Tax Exemption • Borrow Money • Bread’s Price Raised (150% raised) • Hunger • Malnutrition • Economical Crisis Jacques Necker French Statesman 1732 - 1804 1789 1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799

  7. I. Background Ben (CBP), 13/02/2012 • Economical Crisis The People are supporting the Clergy and the Nobility 1789 1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799

  8. I. Background Ben (CBP), 13/02/2012 • Cultural Movements in the XVIIIth century • Wanted to reform society • Promoted Science • Was against • Criticized Intolerance and Abuses in Church and State • “The Great Encyclopedie” • 1751 – 1752 • Share World’s Knowledge • Expect to Open Mind • Edited by Didier Diderot • Age of Enlightenment The Great Encyclopedie Denis DiderotFrench Philosopher 1713 - 1784 1789 1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799

  9. II. Events Ben (CBP), 13/02/2012 • 11 July 1789: Louis the XIVth Fired Necker • His reforms are rejected • Nothing will Change • Parisians start revolting • The King Recruits more Soldiers • People need weapons • Some soldiers join the rebellion • 14 July 1789: The Bastille’s Attack {1} • Holds weapons and ammunition • Is a symbol of Royal Power • Mark the beginning of The French Revolution • The Bastille The Bastille’s Attack 14 July 1789 1789 1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799 1

  10. II. Events Ben (CBP), 13/02/2012 • The National Constituent Assembly • 9 July 1789: formation of the Assembly • 4August 1789: abolition of Feudalism • 26 August 1789: Declaration of the Rights of the Man and of the Citizen • The Church • 4 August 1789: Nationalization of its properties • 12 July 1790: Clergymen made State’s Employee • The Nobility • The Great Fear • Flew to neighbored kingdoms • The State • 30 September 1791: the King signs the Constitution • Constitutional Monarchy • Reforms Taken The Declaration of the Rights of the Humanand of the Citizen 1789 1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799 1 1

  11. II. Events Ben (CBP), 13/02/2012 • 5 October 1789:Women’s March on Versailles • 7,000 women asking for food • The King is taken to Paris • 20 June 1791: The Escape to Varennes • He tried to reach Prussia • He is recognized in Varennes • 10 August 1792: His Arrestation • Insurgents put him in Jail • 20 September 1792: His Destitution • End of the Monarchy => Republic {2} • 17 January 1793: His Death {3} • Louis the XVIth is guillotined • Louis the XVIth Women’s March on Versailles The Fled to Varennes Execution of Louis the XVIth 1789 1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799 2 3 1

  12. II. Events Ben (CBP), 13/02/2012 • Neighborhood Kingdoms: • Afraid by the Revolution • Marie-Antoinette is the Austrian’s King Sister • 20 April 1792: Declaration of War against Prussia and Austria • A series of Victory • 20 September 1792: Battle of Valmy • 6 November 1792: Battle of Jemappes • The Revolutionaries conquer many territories • Dark Time (1793) • Britain, Dutch Republic and Spain join the War => defeats • Civil War against the new Republic • Peace (1794 – 1795) • A series of French victories forced enemies to sign Peace Treaties • War and Counter-Revolution 1789 1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799 2 3 1

  13. II. Events Ben (CBP), 13/02/2012 • Robespierre: • Had a Major Role in the Revolution • 27 July 1793: Elected as Head of the Republic • 5 Septembre 1793: Established the Terror • Counter Anti-Revolutionists • Accused of counter-revolutionary activities => Execute • 40,000 people died without trials • The Guillotine as a Symbol • The End • 27 July 1794: Execution of Robespierre => End of the Terror {4} • 23 Septembre 1795: A New Constitution is voted • The Terror Maximilien Robespierre French Lawyer 1758 - 1794 The Terror 1789 1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799 2 3 4 1

  14. II. Events Ben (CBP), 13/02/2012 • Constitutional Republic: • Parliament: • Council of the 500 (500 members) • Council of Elders (250 members) • Executive: • 5 “Directors” changed every year • A Strong Regime: • Leaders didn’t follow the constitution • Use hard police measures • Often call the army • War Oriented: • In need of money => Peace Treaty = Tribute • Generals soon become very powerful • 9 November 1799: Napoleon Bonaparte took the Power • The Directory 1789 1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799 2 3 4 1

  15. III. Aftermath Ben (CBP), 13/02/2012 • Figures TO DO 1789 1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799 2 3 4 1

  16. III. Aftermath Ben (CBP), 13/02/2012 • Comment TO DO 1789 1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799 2 3 4 1

  17. Questions Ben (CBP), 13/02/2012 TO DO 1789 1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799 2 3 4 1

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