Fireworks and other things that go Boom in the Night!!!!!

1. Fireworks and other things that go Boom in the Night!!!!! Human use of Chemical Explosions 1

2. Fireworks and other things that go Boom in the Night!!!!! 2

3. Examples of the Uses of some Chemical Explosions • Fireworks • Rockets • Coal and Natural Gas Power Plants • Combustion Engines – Automobile • Aircraft 3

4. Fireworks Developed in the second-century BC, by the ancient Chinese, fireworks are the oldest form of rockets and the most simplistic. Originally fireworks had religious purposes but were later adapted for military use during the middle ages in the form of "flaming arrows." 4

5. Fireworks The Chemistry of Fireworks. Fireworks are usually made out of the following items; an oxidizing agent, a reducing agent, a coloring agent, binders and regulators. These this mixed together are what make up the basic fireworks 55

6. Fuel for Fireworks • The earliest rockets were created hundreds of years ago by the Chinese, and were used primarily for fireworks displays and as weapons. They were fueled with black powder, a type of gunpowder consisting of a mixture of charcoal, sulfur and potassium nitrate (their version of black powder). 

7. Rockets • A rocket or rocket vehicle is a missile, spacecraft, aircraft or other vehiclewhich obtains thrust from a rocket engine. In all rockets, the exhaust is formed entirely from propellants carried within the rocket before use.Rocket engines work by action and reaction. Rocket engines push rockets forwards simply by throwing their exhaust backwards extremely fast.

8. Fuel used in Rockets • Rocket propellant is a mass of a chemical that is stored in some form of propellant tank, prior to being used. • A fuel propellant is often burned with an oxidizer propellant to produce large volumes of very hot gas. These gases expand and push on a nozzle, which accelerates them until they rush out of the back of the rocket at extremely high speed, making thrust. • Sometimes the propellant is not burned, but can be externally heated for more performance. • Chemical rocket propellants are most commonly used, which undergo exothermic chemical reactions to produce hot gas used by a rocket for propulsive purposes.

9. Types of liquid propellant fuel The most common liquid propellants in use today: • LOX and kerosene- Used for the lower stages of most Russian and Chinese boosters, the first stages of the Saturn V and Atlas V, and all stages of the developmental Falcon 1 and Falcon 9. • LOX and liquid hydrogen, used in the Space Shuttle orbiter, the Centaur upper stage of the Atlas V, Saturn V upper stages, the newer Delta IV rocket, the H-IIA rocket, and most stages of the European Ariane rockets. • Nitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) and hydrazine (N2H4), MMH, or UDMH. Used in military, orbital, and deep space rockets because both liquids are storable for long periods at reasonable temperatures and pressures. The major inconvenience is that these propellants are highly toxic, hence they require careful handling. • Monopropellants such as hydrogen peroxide, hydrazine, and nitrous oxide are primarily used for altitude control and spacecraft station-keeping where their long-term storability, simplicity of use

10. Rockets

11. Fossil Fuel Power Plant A fossil-fuel power station is a power station that burns fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas or petroleum (oil) to produce electricity. Central station fossil-fuel power plants are designed on a large scale for continuous operation. In many countries, such plants provide most of the electrical energy used.

12. Coal and Natural Gas(Fossil Fuel) Power Plants • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SeXG8K5_UvU

13. Combustion Engine • The internal combustion engine is an engine in which the combustion of a fuel (normally a fossil fuel) occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion chamber. In an internal combustion engine, the expansion of the high-temperature and -pressure gases produced by combustion applies direct force to some component of the engine, such as pistons, turbine blades, or a nozzle. This force moves the component over a distance, generating useful mechanical energy.

14. Automobile Fuel Automobiles usually use a product of a fossil fuel called gasoline or diesel to create the explosion (combustion) in the engine to create the energy to make the car move. There are many new inventions that use solar energy, alcohol from corn, battery power from electricity to run the car. It will be interesting to see what type of energy fuels cars in the future.

16. Aircraft • Aircraft are vehicles that are able to fly by gaining support from the air, or, in general, the atmosphereof a planet. An aircraft counters the force of gravity by using either static lift or by using the dynamic lift of an airfoil, or in a few cases the downward thrust from jet engines

17. Jet (Aircraft) Fuel • Jet fuel is a type of aviation fuel designed for use in aircraft powered by gas-turbine engines. It is clear to straw-colored in appearance. • The most commonly used fuels for commercial aviation are Jet A and Jet A-1 which are produced to a standardized international specification. The only other jet fuel commonly used in civilian turbine-engine powered aviation is Jet B which is used for its enhanced cold-weather performance. More Information for those who are interested: • Jet fuel is a mixture of a large number of different hydrocarbons. The range of their sizes (molecular weights or carbon numbers) is restricted by the requirements for the product, for example, the freezing point or smoke point. Kerosene-type jet fuel (including Jet A and Jet A-1) has a carbon number distribution between about 8 and 16 carbon numbers; wide-cut or naphtha-type jet fuel (including Jet B), between about 5 and 15 carbon numbers

18. Top 10 fastest aircraft in the world http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ykdcdbeey3E

19. Conclusion In this power-point we briefly examined a few uses of chemical explosives. We found that there is a use of the chemical explosives in fireworks, rockets, fossil fuel power plants, combustion engines in automobiles and airplanes. We looked at the types of fuel that they are powered with.