Hands-On History: The Constitution and Its Impact on South Florida

1. Hands-On History:The Constitution and Its Impact on South Florida

2. Draw or Represent Education (Loading Oranges, FL, ca. 1909. Credit: HistoryMiami)

3. Pedagogy • -The art or science of being a teacher; Teaching. • -Usually refers to children • Andragogy • -The process of engaging adult learners in the structure of the learning experience Educational Theory and Strategies

4. Educational Theory • Theorists • John Dewey (1859-1952) -Dewey is best known for his belief in experience as a way of learning and knowing. -The phrase learning by doing is often associated with Dewey and suggests that knowledge is gained through active engagement rather than passivity.

5. Educational Theories • Lev Vygotsky(1896-1934) • Suggested all learning is contextually and socially mediated. • Believed intellectual development is the result of interaction with the environment . • Social interaction with adults or more knowledgeable peers influences the level of performance exhibited by an individual. • Scaffolding

6. Educational Theories • Jean Piaget (1896-1980) • Learning as a constructivist activity. • The notion that children often perceive their world in a way that is qualitatively different from adults. • Developmental stages of Piaget are sometimes controversial but important. He believed that at specific ages children are developing in certain ways.

7. Educational Theory • Howard Gardner (1943- ) • Theory of Multiple Intelligences. • Myriad of ways of knowing and processing information. • Education should celebrate and embrace diverse learners by respecting the different ways of learning. • Linguistic, Logical-Mathematical, Visual-Spatial, Body-Kinesthetic, Musical-Rhythmic, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal. • http://www.learning-theories.com /gardners-multiple-intelligences-theory.html

8. Educational Theory • Constructivism Argues humans construct meaning from current knowledge structures. Constructivism values developmentally-appropriate facilitator-supported learning that is initiated and directed by the learner. This is the path through which educators (facilitators) wish to approach students in constructing meaning of new concepts. • Behaviorism (Didactic/Expository) Teacher centered with a PASSIVE student. Memorization acts as a tool to build knowledge in a hierarchical manner. • Discovery based Student centered as they build upon experiences by discovery, focusing on the task and not the subject.

9. Educational Strategies • Object-Based Learning • Inquiry-Based Learning • Visual Thinking Strategies

10. Educational Strategies Object-Based Learning • Look directly at an object, i.e. a sculpture or painting, artifact or advertisement, primary document or ritual object. • Use a myriad of questions to discover its role and importance in our world - past, present and future. • Objects are used to initiate discussion, as well as make connections to the learner’s own experiences.

11. Object-Based Learning Why is it beneficial? What are the advantages over lecture format?

12. Object-Based Learning • Objects can have more than one meaning • Study of objects enables relationships to be made between culture, technology, people, social structures, the past, present and future

15. Object-Based Learning: Building the Story • Avoid an early end to the lesson • What’s that?

16. Object-Based Learning: Suggested Questions • How many parts is it made up of? • Who made it and why? • What has happened to this object since then?

18. Object-Based Learning: Activity • Break into groups of four • What can we learn from this object? • What kind of questions can be created? • What themes can be explored? • What else can be paired with your group’s object to tell a story?

19. Hands-On History: Object-Based Learning in the Classroom • Power of the Object • Every object has a story to share! • Using everyday objects in your class • Using visuals • Bringing history to life

20. Educational Strategies Inquiry-Based Learning • An instructional method developed during the discovery learning movement of the 1960s. • It was developed in response to a perceived failure of more traditional forms of instruction. • Inquiry learning is a form of active learning. • Progress is assessed by how well students develop experimental and analytical skills rather than how much knowledge they possess.

21. Inquiry-Based Learning • A student-centered, active learning approach focusing on questioning, critical thinking and problem solving. • “Tell me and I forget, show me and I remember, involve me and I understand” • Changing the focus from “what we know” to an emphasis on “how we come to know”

22. Inquiry-Based Learning • Employing the Constructivist theory • Students have pre-existing knowledge • By allowing students to express that pre-existing knowledge through questioning, they effectively build upon previous knowledge to gain understanding • Students can form their own foundation

23. Inquiry-Based Learning • Have you been to the Everglades? What can we find there? • Where are we? What is this called, and why is it important?

24. Hands-On History: Inquiry-Based Learning in the Classroom • Approach or introduce specific topics with open-ended questions • Refer back to student responses as a way to keep them connected to the material

25. Educational Strategies Visual Thinking Strategies (VTS) • The Visual Thinking Strategies (VTS) teaching method and school curriculum centers on open-ended yet highly-structured discussions of visual art, significantly increasing students' critical thinking, language and literacy skills along the way. • Developed by Phillip Yanawine and Abigail Hausen.

26. . (Credit: HistoryMiami)

27. Hands-On History: Visual Thinking Strategies • Making history relevant • Building connections from the past to the present • Picturing America: National Endowment for the Humanities

28. Hands-On History: The Constitution and Its Impact on South Florida • How can HistoryMiami supplement your curriculum? • We offer programs that emphasize the impact of the constitution and subsequent laws and amendments • We help to put a human face on the legal system

29. Hands-On History: The Constitution • Federal Constitution • State Constitutions • 10th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution

30. Impact on South Florida:Miami Dade County Courthouse • The Courthouse program introduces students to our court system and procedures through their participation in a mock trial, and a tour of a functioning county courthouse (Credit: HistoryMiami, x-0054-1-500)

31. Miami Dade County Courthouse Throughout the tour, we visit: • The first floor arcade • The jury room • The probate office • The law library • Historic courtroom

32. Miami Dade County Courthouse (Credit: HistoryMiami, 1997-331-1)

33. Miami Dade County Courthouse How it supports your curriculum • SS.7.C.3.8: Analyze the structure, functions, and processes of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches • SS.7.C.3.11: Diagram the levels, functions, and powers of courts at the state and federal levels • SS.7.C.2.2: Evaluate the obligations citizens have to obey laws, pay taxes, defend the nation, and serve on juries

34. Impact on South Florida:We The People Program Description • Students will learn about the ways in which state and federal governments work together, as well as the ways in which citizens have directed the course of local politics • Understandings: Individuals, even outside of elected leaders, can have a profound impact on government as well as history

35. We The People • Essential Questions: • How do individuals make a difference in government? • How does geography influence politics? • How has the struggle between states’ rights and federal power played out over time? • Who holds more power – the government or the people?

36. We The People International Rivalries Gallery • Government in the early days of Florida’s history was characterized by European models and an aggressive negotiation with the native inhabitants and natural environment. • This section examines the early operations and agendas of the remote and local government in colonial Florida. It also addresses the various nations that held political power over the territory during its early years.

37. We The People Seminole Gallery • This section investigates what happens when self-governing communities are threatened with federal government encroachment. • The Seminole Wars • The Indian Removal Act of 1830 • The Treaty of Payne’s Landing, 1832 • 1838 Florida Constitution

38. We The People (Credit: HistoryMiami, 1976-165-1)

39. We The People Civil War Gallery • This section explores the causes for state secession and the Civil War in the United States. The conflict represented a schism of the Constitutional interpretation between the state and federal governments, which ultimately led to the attempted formation of another government • In 1859, the Florida Legislature said it would stand by other southern states if their rights were in danger. • On January 10, 1861, the legislature, including all South Florida members, voted for secession – making it the 3rd state to secede and join the Confederate States of America

40. We The People Era of the Bay Gallery • As the government expanded its territorial possessions, it needed to strengthen its claims on such areas by encouraging settlement in otherwise desolate parts of the country. During the 19th century Florida remained a sparsely populated state. • Armed Occupation Act of 1842 • The Homestead Act of 1862 • The Incorporation of Miami 1896

41. We The People New People, New Technology Gallery • The early 20th century saw the government slowly grant political rights to more of its citizens, including women. However, it also began to regulate personal liberties of the population and sculpt the environment for urban growth.

42. We The People (Credit: HistoryMiami, 1996-873-1)

43. We The People Gateways Gallery • Immigration

44. We The People How it supports your curriculum • SS.7.C.2.11: Analyze media and political communications (bias, symbolism, propaganda) • SS.7.C.3.4: Identify the relationship and division of powers between the federal government and state governments

45. Impact on South Florida:Our Story: African American History Program Description • Through this program, students are able to explore the African-American and Bahamian experience in South Florida Essential Questions • How has race been a significant factor in U.S. life and politics? • Can the racial divisions that have plagued U.S. society be erased? • What were the political strategies used to achieve civil rights?

46. Our Story: African American History • Slavery • Black Seminoles • 13th and 14th Amendments • The Bahamian migration

47. Our Story: African American History (Credit: HistoryMiami, 1974-035-1)

48. Our Story: African American History (Credit: HistoryMiami, 1981-099-95)

49. Our Story: African American History Brown v. the Board of Education, 1954 (Credit: HistoryMiami, 1980-184-2)

50. Our Story: African American History (Credit: HistoryMiami, 1989-011-20810)