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ANTIGEN ANTIBODY REACTIONS

Explore the highly specific antigen-antibody interactions, their forms like agglutination and precipitation, and their role in serological reactions. Learn how these reactions are crucial in identifying and measuring antibodies or antigens in patients. Get insights into prozone effect and various tests such as ELISA and immunofluorescence.

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ANTIGEN ANTIBODY REACTIONS

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  1. ANTIGEN ANTIBODY REACTIONS By Dr. Emad AbdElhameed Morad Lecturer of Medical Microbiology and Immunology

  2. characters • Highly specific. The antibody can react only with the antigen which induced its formation. • These interactions are used invitro for identification of either antigen or antibody (serological reactions). • In these tests, one of the reactants is known and the other is unknown. • Serological reactions are also used to determine the amount of antibodies in the patient serum (antibody titer).

  3. At higher antibody levels (antibody excess) or higher antigen levels (antigen excess), the reaction may not occur. The reactions occurs only when both antigen and antibody concentrations are optimal (prozone effect).

  4. Forms • Antigen antibody interactions my take several forms: • Agglutination: if the antigen is particulate. • Precipitation: if the antigen is soluble. • Complement fixation. • Toxin antitoxin neutralization. • ELISA • Immunofluorescence • Radioimmunoassay

  5. Agglutination • It is a form of antigen antibody reactions when the antigen is in the form of particles such as cells or microorganisms. • Types: Direct Passive (latex)

  6. Direct • Example: blood grouping.

  7. Passive (latex) • Agglutination reaction in which inert particles called latex beads are coated with either antigen or antibody. • Example: anti streptolysin “O” test (ASOT). In this test, latex beads are coated with streptolysin “O” toxin and mixed with the patient serum for the presence of antibodies (ASO antibodies).

  8. GOOD LUCK

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