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Set Operations

Set Operations. Chapter 2 Sec 3. Union. What does the word mean to you? What does it mean in mathematics?. Definition. The union of sets A and B, written , is the set of elements that are members of either A or B(or both). Using set-builder notation,

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Set Operations

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  1. Set Operations Chapter 2 Sec 3

  2. Union • What does the word mean to you? • What does it mean in mathematics?

  3. Definition • The union of sets A and B, written , is the set of elements that are members of either A or B(or both). • Using set-builder notation, {x:x is a member of A or x is a member of B}.

  4. The union of more than two sets is the set of all elements belonging to at least one of the sets.

  5. Example • Find the union of the following pair of sets. • A={1,3,5,8,9} and B={2,4,6,7,8,}

  6. Solution • = {1,2,3,4,…,9} • The solution in the final answer we list the elements in order and did not list duplicate elements because doing so does not affect set equality.

  7. Intersection • The essential idea of intersection is a region that is common to both sets.

  8. Definition • The intersection of sets A and B, written , is the set of elements common to both A and B. • Using set-builder notation, ={x:x is a member of A and x is a member of B}.

  9. The intersection of more than two sets is the set of elements that belong to each of the sets. • If =, then we say that A and B are disjoint.

  10. To help us understand we will use the Venn Diagram r3 r1

  11. r3 Inside the 2 circles are shaded.

  12. r3 Which region would be shaded?

  13. Complement • If A is a subset of the universal set U, the complement of A is the set of elements of U that are not elements of A. This set is denoted by A’. • Using set builder notation,

  14. Venn diagram: Complement r1 What would be the complement?

  15. Example • Find the complement of each set. • U ={1,2,3,…10} and A ={2,4,6,8} • A’ = {1,3,5,7,9} • U is the set of cards in a standard 52 card deck, and F is the set of face cards. • F’ is the set of nonface cards.

  16. Set difference • The difference of sets B and A is the set of elements that are in B but not in A. This set is denoted by B-A. • Using set builder notation, • B-A = {x:x is a member of B and x is not a member of A}.

  17. Venn for set difference, B-A B A r3 Which region would be shaded?

  18. Examples of Set difference. • Find the set difference. • Find {3, 6, 9, 12}-{x:x is an even integer} • Therefore we will remove all the even integers to get {3, 9}

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