Growth of a Nation (…2 Nations?)

1. Growth of a Nation(…2 Nations?)

2. As a result of the American Revolution, Britain cedes its territory east of the Mississippi

3. What a Deal!

4. In 1803, the Louisiana Purchase nearly doubles the size of the young nation

5. Slave States vs. Free States • As U.S. territory grows, new states are created. • States in the North are considered Free States (no slavery) • Southern states are considered Slave States. • …it’s not necessarily all about slavery.

6. Slave States vs Free States

7. Slave States vs. Free States • The abolition movement is still in its infancy. • The creation of slave states vs. free states is mostly about political & economic power. • To understand, we have look at how America had developed two very different ways of life…

8. Life in the North • 2½ times the population of the south due mostly to immigrants looking for work in factories • 70% of all US railroad track • The North was industrial – 110,000 factories vs. 20,000 in the South • In 1860 – production of over $1.5 Billion in goods (the South produced just $155 million)

9. Life in the South • Primarily agrarian • “Cotton Is King!” * 1860--> 5 million bales a yr. (57% of total US exports). • Slow development of industry • Rudimentary financial system: $47 million in banking deposits compared to $207 million in the North. • Inadequate transportation system: many farmers still used water routes to transport cargo.

10. Why does the South want Slave States? • The South needs to expand their agricultural economy & sees the addition of new states as the perfect answer. HOWEVER… • The addition of a new Free State meant 2 more senators & additional congressmen in the House of Representatives that would vote in agreement with other northern states

11. Protecting a Way of Life • Southerners needed to maintain at least an equal number of slave states to free states so that they have equal representation in Congress (or better). • …otherwise, legislation would be passed that was agreeable to the northern way of life – not the southern.

12. The Missouri Compromise • Maine admitted as a free state • Missouri admitted as a slave state, but.. • Slavery not allowed in any new states created above Missouri’s southern border.

13. Missouri Compromise

14. 1819, Spain cedes Florida to the US in return for nullification of a Five Million Dollar debt

15. Soon after, Mexico Wins Independence from Spain

16. Texas • Southern farming spreads into Mexico • Mexico does not allow slavery • Texans Rebel against Mexico (remember the Alamo) • Texans gain independence but seek admission to the US as a state

17. Texan Independence

18. Manifest Destiny • Throughout the 1830s & 1840s Americans dreamed of an empire stretching from the Atlantic to the Pacific • …”a divine mission to spread liberty across the continent” • Newspaperman John O’Sullivan claimed it was the nations “Manifest Destiny” to possess the whole continent

19. War with Mexico • After nearly 10 years, the United States decides the time is right to annex Texas. • Mexico protests – war is declared

20. New Land! • War ends with the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hildalgo • The US obtains land in what is now California, New Mexico, Arizona and Texas (1.2 million square miles) • The Gadsen Purchase completes our southwest territory

21. Results of the Mexican War

22. Gadsen Purchase

23. Uh Oh – more land, more issues • Slave states vs Free states again… • The Compromise of 1850 • California admitted as a free state • Utah & New Mexico as slave territories • Banned Slave trade in Washington DC • Fugitive Slave Law • Escaped Slaves are now the government’s responsibility

24. Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 • Popular Book that brought cruelties of slavery to the attention of the public

25. Uncle Tom’s Cabin HarrietBeecherStowe 1811 - 1896 So this is the lady who started the Civil War. -- Abraham Lincoln

26. Kansas – Nebraska Act, 1854 • “popular sovereignty” to decide free or slave • Pro-Abolition & Pro-Slavery forces flood Kansas to sway the vote often clashing with one another - “Bloody Kansas”

27. Bloody Kansas • Militant abolitionist John Brown & few followers crept into a pro- slavery settlement outside of Lawrence, Kansas. • They dragged five men out of their homes & hacked them to death with swords. • This led to a series of violent acts in the divided territory. • Tempers flared on all sides of the slavery issue, dragging the country closer to war.

28. Kansas Nebraska

29. Dred Scott - 1857 • Slaves are property • Slaves (& former slaves) were not citizens • Property rights are guaranteed by the Constitution (5th amendment) • Missouri Compromise declared unconstitutional

30. John Brown • Brown returns east from Kansas & plans a war in Virginia against slavery. • October 16, 1859, he & 21 men (5 blacks & 16 whites) raided the federal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry.

31. Birth of the Republican Party • Who was their first candidate? • The Republicans win the election without winning any Southern States • The South sees this as a complete loss of political power in Washington Election of 1860

33. Secession • 11 southern slave states seceded from the US/Union starting in 1860 w/ S. Carolina • SC, MS, FL, AL, GA, LA, TX, VA, AR, TN, NC • Confederate States of America • Capital: Montgomery, Alabama (until May 29, 1861) then Richmond, Virginia • President: Jefferson Davis • VP: Alexander Stephens

34. Union and Confederacy

35. Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861