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Comparing the Layers of Earth

Explore Earth's layers, from the Crust to the Inner Core, comparing temperature, density, composition, and unique features of each zone. Discover the mysteries of the MOHO and Gutenberg Discontinuities!

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Comparing the Layers of Earth

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  1. Comparing the Layers of Earth S6E5.a.

  2. Earth’s layers are compared by: • Temperature • Density • (the thickness or depth of the layer) • Composition • What each layer is made of or how it is described

  3. Which is the outermost layer? THE CRUST Temperature: Temp of the air outside to 1600 °F Density: 5km – 100km thick

  4. The Crust: What’s it made of? • 2 types of crust: • Oceanic – mostly basalt rocks The thinnest crust • Continental – mostly granite rocks The thicker crust

  5. What do you find on Earth’s crust? • Rocks • Mountains • Soil • Water • What else???

  6. Where the Crust ends and the Mantle begins is an area called the MOHO Discontinuity. 1909: Andrija Mohorovicic discovers the moho discontinuity, which is the boundary between Earth’s crust and mantle.

  7. Next is the Mantle… • Mantle Temperature range: From 1600 °F to 4000 °F • Density of the WHOLE Mantle = 2867 km! • Let’s break it apart!

  8. The Mantle • Made of 3 distinct areas: • Lithosphere • Asthenosphere • Lower Mantle

  9. Mantle’s Lithosphere • Density = approx 100 km • Composition: • Rigid layer • Rocky like Crust • “Lithos” means “Stone” • Unique? Made up by part of the Crust!

  10. Mantle’s Asthenosphere • Density = 300 km • Composition: • Plastic-like • Solid, but softer • “Asthenes” means “weak” • Unique? Makes the plates move! Because it’s slowly flowing.

  11. Lower Mantle • Density = 2467 km • Composition: • Solid Unique? Semi-rigid

  12.  Gutenberg Discontinuity Where the Mantle ends and the Outer Core begins is an area called the GUTENBERG DISCONTINUITY

  13. Outer Core • Temperature = 4000 °F to 7800 °F • Density = 2266 km • Composition: • Liquid, Molten Metal (Fe & Ni)

  14. What makes the Outer Core unique? • Creates Earth’s magnetic field • High temps from the formation of the planet keep the Iron (Fe) & Nickel (Ni) liquid

  15. Inner Core • Temperature = 7800 °F to 13000 °F HOTTEST LAYER!!! • Density = 1216 km • Composition: • Dense, solid metal ball of Fe & Ni!

  16. What’s unique about the Inner Core? • Extreme pressure squeezes the atoms of the Fe & Ni so much, they cannot spread out! • Stays solid!

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