Nuclear Science & the New Standard Model: Neutrinos & Fundamental Symmetries in the Next Decade

1. During the next decade, NP studies of fundamental symmetries and neutrinos may reveal key ingredients of the “new Standard Model” This work is an essential complement to LHC particle searches Nuclear physics studies of ns & fundamental symmetries played an essential role in developing & confirming the Standard Model Our role has been broadly recognized within and beyond NP Nuclear Science & the New Standard Model: Neutrinos & Fundamental Symmetries in the Next Decade Solar ns & the neutrino revolution Fifty years of PV in nuclear physics Michael Ramsey-Musolf, Bonn 2007

2. Outline Challenges for the new Standard Model Neutrinos, symmetries and the origin of baryonic matter Precision tests and “footprints” of the new Standard Model e- colliders • Supersymmetry as an illustration • Theoretical progress & challenges • Our work

3. Challenges for the New Standard Model

4. Electroweak symmetry breaking: Higgs ? Beyond the SM SM symmetry (broken) Fundamental Symmetries & Cosmic History

5. Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) & light element abundances • Weak interactions in stars & solar burning • Supernovae & neutron stars It utilizes a simple and elegant symmetry principle SU(3)c x SU(2)L x U(1)Y to explain the microphysics of the present universe Standard Model puzzles Standard Model successes Fundamental Symmetries & Cosmic History

6. Non-zero vacuum expectation value of neutral Higgs breaks electroweak sym and gives mass: Electroweak symmetry breaking: Higgs ? • Where is the Higgs particle? • Is there more than one? Puzzles the St’d Model may or may not solve: U(1)EM SU(3)c x SU(2)L x U(1)Y How is electroweak symmetry broken? How do elementary particles get mass ? Standard Model puzzles Standard Model successes Fundamental Symmetries & Cosmic History

7. Electroweak symmetry breaking: Higgs ? Beyond the SM SM symmetry (broken) Fundamental Symmetries & Cosmic History Puzzles the Standard Model can’t solve Origin of matter Unification & gravity Weak scale stability Neutrinos What are the symmetries (forces) of the early universe beyond those of the SM?

8. C:Charge Conjugation Cosmic Energy Budget Electroweak symmetry breaking: Higgs ? • P: Parity Beyond the SM SM symmetry (broken) Fundamental Symmetries & Cosmic History Baryogenesis: When? CPV? SUSY? Neutrinos? WIMPy D.M.: Related to baryogenesis? “New gravity”? Lorentz violation? Grav baryogen ? ?

9. Unification? Use gauge coupling energy-dependence look back in time Present universe Early universe Standard Model High energy desert Energy Scale ~ T Weak scale Planck scale Fundamental Symmetries & Cosmic History

10. Present universe Early universe Standard Model Gravity A “near miss” for grand unification Is there unification? What new forces are responsible ? High energy desert Weak scale Planck scale Fundamental Symmetries & Cosmic History

11. Present universe Early universe Unification Neutrino mass Origin of matter Standard Model Weak Int Rates: Solar burning Element abundances Weak scale unstable: Why is GF so large? High energy desert Weak scale Planck scale Fundamental Symmetries & Cosmic History

12. Supersymmetry, GUT’s, extra dimensions… There must have been additional symmetries in the earlier Universe to • Unify all matter, space, & time • Stabilize the weak scale • Produce all the matter that exists • Account for neutrino properties • Give self-consistent quantum gravity

13. Two frontiers in the search for new physics Collider experiments (pp, e+e-, etc) at higher energies (E >> MZ) Indirect searches at lower energies (E < MZ) but high precision Large Hadron Collider Ultra cold neutrons CERN Particle, nuclear & atomic physics High energy physics New SM:Unique role for low energy studies in the LHC era (and beyond!)

14. Electroweak symmetry breaking: Higgs ? ? Beyond the SM SM symmetry (broken) Precision Probes of New Symmetries New Symmetries Origin of Matter Unification & gravity Weak scale stability Neutrinos

15. Probing Fundamental Symmetries beyond the SM: Use precision low-energy measurements to probe virtual effects of new symmetries & compare with collider results • Precision measurements predicted a range for mt before top quark discovery • mt >> mb ! • mt is consistent with that range • It didn’t have to be that way Radiative corrections Direct Measurements Stunning SM Success Comparingloop effects in different processes canprobeparticle spectrum J. Ellison, UCI

16. Precision ~ Mass Scale M=m~ 2 x 10-9 exp ~ 1 x 10-9 M=MW ~ 10-3 Interpretability • Precise, reliable SM predictions • Comparison of a variety of observables • Special cases: SM-forbidden or suppressed processes Precision, low energy measurements can probe for new symmetries in the desert

17. Scientific Opportunities • The orign of baryonic matter: 0nbb-decay & EDM • Precision measurements Neutrino mixing & hierarchy Weak decays, PVES, gm-2 • Electroweak probes of QCD PVES, Hadronic PV, nN scatt… e- colliders

18. Cosmic Energy Budget Electroweak symmetry breaking: Higgs ? Leptogenesis: discover the ingredients: LN- & CP-violation in neutrinos • Baryogenesis: Sakharov • Baryon number violation • C & CP Violation • Departure from equilibrium Weak scale baryogenesis: test experimentally: EDMs Beyond the SM SM symmetry (broken) The Origin of Matter & Energy Baryogenesis: When? CPV? SUSY? Neutrinos? ?

19. mnEFF & neutrino spectrum See-saw mechanism Theory Challenge: matrix elements+ mechanism H H nL nR nL Leptogenesis Long baseline b-decay ? Lepton Asym ! Baryon Asym Normal Inverted GERDA CUORE EXO Majorana ? 0nbb-Decay: LNV? Mass Term? Dirac Majorana

20. Theory Challenge: matrix elements+ mechanism Vogel et al: reduce QRPA spread by calibrating gPP to T2n Shell Model vs. QRPA Configs near Fermi surface Levels above Fermi surface 0nbb-Decay: Theoretical Challenges Dirac Majorana Light nM exchange: can we determine mn

21. Theory Challenge: matrix elements+ mechanism Does operator power counting suffice? Prezeau, R-M, Vogel: EFT O(1) for L ~ TeV 0nbb-Decay: Theoretical Challenges Dirac Majorana Mechanism: does light nM exchange dominate ? How to calc effects reliably ? How to disentangle H & L ?

22. Theory Challenge: matrix elements+ mechanism • If the existence of the decay is established: • What mechanism? • Which additional isotopes ? 0nbb-Decay: Theoretical Challenges Dirac Majorana

23. Cosmic Energy Budget Electroweak symmetry breaking: Higgs ? Leptogenesis: discover the ingredients: LN- & CP-violation in neutrinos T-odd , CP-odd by CPT theorem T-odd , CP-odd by CPT theorem T-odd , CP-odd by CPT theorem T-odd , CP-odd by CPT theorem Weak scale baryogenesis: test experimentally: EDMs Beyond the SM SM symmetry (broken) The Origin of Matter & Energy Baryogenesis: When? CPV? SUSY? Neutrinos? ?

24. EDMs: New CPV? • SM “background” well below new CPV expectations • New expts: 102 to 103 more sensitive • CPV needed for BAU?

25. QCD QCD QCD EDMs: Complementary Searches Improvements of 102 to 103 Electron Neutron Neutral Atoms Deuteron

26. mN=2.2 GeV Schiff Screening Improvements of 102 to 103 Electron ChPT for dn: van Kolck et al Atomic effect from nuclear finite size: Schiff moment Hadronic couplings Neutron EDM from LQCD: Nuclear Schiff Moment Pospelov et al: QCD QCD QCD Nuclear EDM: Screened in atoms • Two approaches: • Expand in q & average over topological sectors (Blum et al, Shintani et al) • Compute DE for spin up/down nucleon in background Efield (Shintani et al) PCAC + had models & QCD SR QCD SR (Pospelov et al) EDMs: Theory Neutron Neutral Atoms Deuteron

27. Liu et al: New formulation of Schiff operator New nuclear calc’s needed ! + … Dominant in nuclei & atoms Nuclear & hadron structure ! Schiff Moment in 199Hg Engel & de Jesus: Reduced isoscalar sensitivity ( qQCD ) EDMs & Schiff Moments One-loop EDM: q, l, n… Chromo-EDM: q, n…

28. Quantum Transport CPV Chem Eq R-M et al Unbroken phase Weak Scale Baryogenesis Systematic baryogenesis: SD equations + power counting Veff (f,T): Requirements on Higgs sector extensions & expt’l probes • B violation • C & CP violation • Nonequilibrium dynamics Topological transitions Broken phase CP Violation 1st order phase transition Sakharov, 1967 Theoretical Issues: Strength of phase transition (Higgs sector) Bubble dynamics (numerical) Transport at phase boundary (non-eq QFT) EDMs: many-body physics & QCD • Is it viable? • Can experiment constrain it? • How reliably can we compute it? • Is it viable? • Can experiment constrain it? • How reliably can we compute it? Baryogenesis: New Electroweak Physics

29. Ongoing theory for baryon asymmetry (R-M et al): • Refined quantum transport calc’s of CPV asymmetries during EW phase transition • Bubble dynamics • Application to models of new CPV • Complementarity with LHC baryogenesis Prospective dn LHC reach LEP II excl Present de Baryogenesis: EDMs & Colliders Cirigliano, Profumo, R-M

30. Electroweak symmetry breaking: Higgs ? Beyond the SM SM symmetry (broken) Precision Probes of New Symmetries New Symmetries Origin of Matter Unification & gravity Weak scale stability Neutrinos

31. Muons • gm-2 • mA!eA Nuclei & Charged Leptons PV Electron Scattering • Q-Weak • 12 GeV Moller • PV DIS Weak Decays • n decay correlations • nuclear b decay • pion decays • muon decays

32. “Weak Charge” ~ 0.1 in SM Enhanced transparency to new physics Small QCD uncertainties (Marciano & Sirlin; Erler & R-M) QCD effects (s-quarks): measured (MIT-Bates, Mainz, JLab) Lepton Scattering & New Symmetries Parity-Violating electron scattering

33. SU(2)L U(1)Y Weak Charge & Weak Mixing Weak mixing depends on scale

34. JLab Future SLAC Moller Z0 pole tension Parity-violating electron scattering Scale-dependence of Weak Mixing Weak Mixing in the Standard Model

35. Muons Weak Decays • gm-2 • mA!eA • n decay correlations • nuclear b decay • pion decays • muon decays • Essential Role for Theory • Precise SM predictions (QCD) • Sensitivity to new physics & complementarity w/ LHC Nuclei & Charged Leptons: Theory I PV Electron Scattering • Q-Weak • 12 GeV Moller • PV DIS • Substantially reduced QCD uncertainty in sin2qW running • QCD uncertainties in ep box graphs quantified • Comprehensive analysis of new physics effects

36. Vertex & External leg Kurylov, RM, Su SUSY Radiative Corrections Propagator Box

37. 12k 1j1 12k 1j1 L=1 L=1 SUSY: R Parity-Violation

38. Moller (ee) RPV: No SUSY DM Majorana n s SUSY Loops Q-Weak (ep) d QWP, SUSY / QWP, SM d QWe, SUSY / QWe, SM gm-2 12 GeV 6 GeV E158 Kurylov, RM, Su Probing SUSY with PV Electron Scattering

39. QWP = 0.0716 QWe = 0.0449 Experiment SUSY Loops E6 Z/ boson RPV SUSY Leptoquarks SM SM Weak Charges & New Physics

40. Correlations b-decay SUSY models Vud from neutron decay: ILL, LANSCE, SNS, NIST Similarly unique probes of new physics in muon and pion decay TRIUMF & PSI CKM, (g-2)m, MW, Mt Non (V-A) x (V-A) interactions: me/E New physics SUSY SNS, NIST, LANSCE, RIA? Weak decays & new physics

41. Weak decays & new physics: Expts SNS NIST

42. Neutrino correlation Pion leptonic decays • Ongoing theory for weak decays: • Further reductions in QCD errors? • Impact on Extra Dim scenarios ? • Implications of LHC results ? mn SUSY effects in weak decays PV Electron Scattering Muons SUSY: Observable E-dependence implies super heavy non-SM Higgs SUSY: Observable deviation could imply large slepton mass splittings • Q-Weak • 12 GeV Moller • PV DIS mn implications for NP in weak decays Vud & CKM Unitarity RM et al RM et al • gm-2 • mA!eA • Essential Role for Theory • Precise SM predictions (QCD) • Sensitivity to new physics & complementarity w/ LHC Reduced QCD error: Marciano & Sirlin Reduced QCD error: Cirigliano & Roselle Nuclei & Charged Leptons: Theory II Weak Decays • n decay correlations • nuclear b decay • pion decays • muon decays

43. p g Z m m Had VP Had LbL QED Weak SUSY Loops SM Loops Future goal Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment ~ 3.4 s !

44. Ongoing theory for gm-2: • Further reductions in had LBL uncertainty? • Impact on Extra Dim scenarios ? PV Electron Scattering p g Z Muons m m Had VP: Disp Rel & e+e- Lattice QCD (T Blum) • Q-Weak • 12 GeV Moller • PV DIS Had VP Had LbL QED Weak Had LBL: ChPT Hadronic Models Lattice QCD? Weak Decays • gm-2 • mA!eA • n decay correlations • nuclear b decay • pion decays • muon decays • Essential Role for Theory • Precise SM predictions (QCD) • Sensitivity to new physics & complementarity w/ LHC SUSY Loops: Sign of Higgsino mass Nuclei & Charged Leptons: Theory III

45. KATRIN, Mare WMAP & Beyond Beacom, Bell, Dodelson Energy Density Power Spectrum Precision Neutrino Property Studies Neutrino Mass: Terrestrial vs Cosmological New n interactions

46. Summary • Precision NP studies of neutrinos and fundamental symmetries are poised to discovery key ingredients of the new Standard Model during the next decade • Physics “reach” complements and can even exceed that of colliders • Substantial experimental and theoretical progress has set the foundation for this era of discovery • The precision frontier is richly interdisciplinary: nuclear, particle, hadronic, atomic, cosmological

47. Back Matter

48. 0nbb signal equivalent to degenerate hierarchy l111/ ~ 0.06 for mSUSY ~ 1 TeV Loop contribution to mn of inverted hierarchy scale Lepton Flavor & Number Violation

49. Daya Bay Double Chooz Mini Boone T2K Precision Neutrino Property Studies Mixing, hierarchy, & CPV Long baseline oscillation studies: CPV? Normal or Inverted ?

50. 0nbb sensitivity l111/ ~ 0.06 for mSUSY ~ 1 TeV m!eg m!e LFV Probes of RPV: LFV Probes of RPV: l12k ~ 0.3 for mSUSY ~ 1 TeV & dQWe/ QWe ~ 5% lk31 ~ 0.03 for mSUSY ~ 1 TeV lk31 ~ 0.15 for mSUSY ~ 1 TeV Probing SUSY with PV eN Interactions