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Introduction

Introduction. Botany of POTATO : Botanical Name : Solanum tuberosum L. Family : Solanaceae Genus : Solanum Common Name : Aaloo  Potato is one of the most important crops for the supplement the need of the food of the Country.

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Introduction

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  1. Introduction • Botany of POTATO : Botanical Name : Solanum tuberosum L. Family : Solanaceae Genus : Solanum Common Name : Aaloo  Potato is one of the most important crops for the supplement the need of the food of the Country.  The potato contains all major nutrients like Proteins, Vitamins, Calcium, Phosphorous and Carbohydrates which are essential for body building so potato is a wholesome food.  Potato is both a labour and capital intensive crop.

  2. CLIMATE • Temperate climate is require sometime Sub-Tropical provide good opportunities. • Temperature : 20-25 0c • Relative Humidity : High • Season :October – March (cultivation to harvesting) • Soil :All type of soil except alkaline soil, high clay content.

  3. VARIETIES • KufriSindhuri • K. Chandramukhi • K . Jyoti • K. Pukhraj • K. Anand

  4. USES • In making Chips . • Production of Starch and Alcohol . • Production of Dextrin and Glucose . • Dried plants are used as Fuel.

  5. POTATO IN INDIA • Most important crops after wheat, maize & rice. • The states of Madhya Pradesh,Maharashtra,Himachal Pradesh,NEH and Nilgiri hills of Tamil Nadu and Rajasthan are considered traditional potato producing regions of the country .Kufri (Himachal pradesh) Highest production of potato inIndia. • The Highest average being found in the states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal. • Potato is an annual herbaceous dicotyledonous & vegetatively propagated plant. • Potato is a nutritious, easily digestible & high quality dietary fibers.

  6. TISSUE CULTURE • It is a technique of culture of in vitro cultivation of plant cell in an organized mass .

  7. NEED OF PLANT TISSUE CULTURE • Clonal Multiplication • Crop Improvement • Genetic Transformation • Conservation and exchange of Germplants

  8. Tissue Culture IN India • The first successful establishment of tissue cultures from potato tubers was reported as early as in 1951 and since than in vitro culture in potato were developed from different plants parts such as leaves, petioles, ovary, anther, stems, roots & shoot tip. • These technologies have been applied to improve potato production . • The use of in vitro for virus elimination(meristem culture) and clonal mass propagation (micro propagation) is the most prominent application in potato.

  9. Why Tissue Culture In Potato • Tissue culture is a tech.In which increase in quality & quantity of crop takes place .By this tech.we get 1,43 million plants from a single mother plantlet. • Efforts are being made to improve seed health standard & reduced the time required for production of breeder’s seed by employing in vitro tech .of meristem culture & micro propagation .About 5% of breeder seed production program is fed annually by micro tuber produced through tissue culture .It is proposed to produce 100% of breeder seed through tissue culturally propagated material in the years to come.

  10. INFRASTRUCTURE • Lab Facilities :- (a) Washing room. (b) Media preparation room (c) Inoculation room (d) Growth room • Hardening Facilities :- (a) Transfer area (b) Green house • Quality Control :- (a) Selection of clones (b) Explants (c) Virus indexing

  11. LABORATORY REQUIREMENT CULTURE AREA: Washing room Media preparation room Inoculation room Growth room Transfer area Instruments

  12. COMPOSITION OF MS MEDIA (for 1lt)

  13. CONTINUE…

  14. Preparation of media

  15. Take explants (Eye Bud)

  16. STERLIZATION OF EXPLANT Explant Tap water washing (30 min) Teepol washing (10 min) Bavistein washing (1 gm/lt 30 min) Ascorbic acid(200 mg) + Citric acid (400 mg)/lt HgCl2(100 mg/100 ml )for 3 min. Inoculation

  17. Wash under tap water

  18. Treated with teepol & rinse it with tap water.

  19. Bavistein Treatment (1 gm/lt 30 min)

  20. Dip explants into Ascorbic acid(200 mg) + Citric acid (400 mg)/lt for 10min Take it( explants) to the laminar air flow

  21. HgCl2 Treatment

  22. Washing with distilled sterile water

  23. Trimming of dead tissue

  24. Inoculation into media

  25. MICROPROPOGATION • Development of whole plant from a small part of plant. Stages :- Stage 0 : Selection of healthy Mother plant. * Free from virus . Stage 1 : Establishment of Media * Inoculation of Explant on Basal media .

  26. CONTINUE… • Stage 3:-It involves two steps of Multiplication. (a) Shoot Multiplication (b) Root Multiplication Shoot Multiplication :- i) cut the growing Explant having 6-8 node in single node . ii) Subculture each node in Shooting Media hence shoot get multiply .

  27. COMPOSITION OF SHOOTING MEDIA (for 1lt)

  28. Shoot Multiplication

  29. Root Multiplication Root Multiplication :- Put the plantlet in root multiplication media so that roots are formed.

  30. HARDENING

  31. Primary Hardening : Rooted shoot are removed from media and wash with tap water to remove sticky Agar . #Transplant in to Portray containing Potting mix # Time :- 10-15 days under high humidity

  32. Secondary Hardening : Plantlet transfer to Poly beg containing Potting mix. Under Green house .# Time :- 25-30 days

  33. Tertiary Hardening : Plant shift in to Nursery .# Time : 10-15 days# Temp. : 28 -30 c Than transfer to field

  34. BRIEF REVIEW Isolation of explants. Sterilization of explants. Inoculation to culture medium Multiplication Rooting Hardening Microtuber

  35. CONCLUSION • Good commercial prospects . • Good crop for improvement varieties . • High expensive and need labors . • It is useful in multiplying new cultivars. • Produce true-to-type plant

  36. PROBLEMS • Economic :- i) Financing ii) Increasing efficiency and lowering cost. • Technical :- i) Genetic instability ii) Chances of contamination • Marketing :- i) Competition with other countries ii) High labor cost

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