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The First English Settlements

Explore the early English settlements of Jamestown and Plymouth Colony in Unit 1 of AP US History. Learn about the challenges and successes of these colonies, their interactions with Native Americans, and the economic factors that shaped their development.

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The First English Settlements

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  1. The First English Settlements AP US History – Unit 1

  2. Jamestown Colony • Spanish influence extended from Chesapeake Bay to southern tip of South America • 1585 Sir Walter Raleigh made first attempt at colony; failed • Named colony Virginia after Elizabeth (“Virgin Queen”) • 1587 founded colony at Roanoke Island, NC • Colony was gone when he returned (“Lost Colony”) • Only evidence was word “Croatan” carved into post

  3. Jamestown Colony • Protestant Reformation, defeat of Spanish Armada led to decline of Spain • Industrial Revolution required more resources for manufacturing • Joint-stock companies allowed investors to pool money • Charter was granted which governed new colony • Guaranteed rights for all people

  4. Jamestown Colony • 1606 – King James I grants charter to Virginia Company of London • Hope to find gold • Sea passage to Asia through New World • 1607 landed near Chesapeake Bay, founded Jamestown

  5. Jamestown Colony • Location was poor, hot, mosquito infested • Settled by aristocrats who didn’t know how to farm or hunt • Most died from disease and hunger • Spent time looking for gold instead of food • Some help from local Indians • Powhatan tribe provided food

  6. Jamestown Colony • Leadership was lacking; John Smith sent to save the day • “He that will not work, shall not eat” • Later kidnapped by Powhatan • Winter 1609-1610: “starving time” • 60 of original 400 colonists still alive • Forbidden from leaving by governor De La Warr • John Rolfe plants tobacco, saves colony

  7. Jamestown Colony • Tobacco – first commodity crop, provided wealth • Required large labor source • 1619 – Dutch ship delivered 20 African slaves • Still relied heavily on mostly white labor force of indentured servants unti l1650 • Women arrived in 1619 to establish a self-sustaining colony

  8. Plymouth Colony • 1558-1603 – growing religious tensions in England • Radical Protestants believed the Anglican Church was still too much like the Catholic Church • Wanted to “purify” Anglicanism • Puritans embraced John Calvin & predestination • King James I pressured Puritans to conform

  9. Plymouth Colony • 1606 Puritans severed ties with Church of England • Set out for New World, “Pilgrims” set sail on Mayflower • Missed Virginia due to storm; settled in Massachusetts • Established Mayflower Compact to govern Plymouth Bay • William Bradford became governor and established the colony

  10. Plymouth Colony • Landed in early winter, over half died • Squanto: English speaking Indian introduced colonists to Wampanoag tribe • Showed Pilgrims where to fish and hunt • Basis for Thanksgiving • Grew slowly based on fur, fish, lumber trade

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