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Cadenza Symposium 2008 - Successful Ageing

Cadenza Symposium 2008 - Successful Ageing. Well-being Indicators: How Does Hong Kong Compare with Other Countries Patsy Pui-hing CHAU Research Assistant Professor CADENZA: A Jockey Club Initiative for Seniors 11 October 2008. Active Ageing Framework.

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Cadenza Symposium 2008 - Successful Ageing

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  1. Cadenza Symposium 2008 - Successful Ageing

  2. Well-being Indicators: How Does Hong Kong Compare with Other Countries Patsy Pui-hing CHAU Research Assistant Professor CADENZA: A Jockey Club Initiative for Seniors 11 October 2008

  3. Active Ageing Framework • Introduced by World Health Organization (WHO) in 2002 • Policy makers & service providers address the health, social, economic & spiritual needs of seniors to facilitate healthy ageing

  4. Well-being Indicators • Adopt a positive outlook along the lines of the active ageing framework • Highlight aspects that contribute to successful & productive ageing such as healthy lifestyle & active social engagement

  5. Well-being Indicators(con’t) Nutrition & Health-related Lifestyle Well-being Demographic Profile Social Networking & Engagement Health Status Functional Status

  6. Benchmarking • Compare with economically developed countries in both the East & the West • Reflect how well seniors in Hong Kong are doing with reference to these countries

  7. Data Sources • Surveys or the population censuses conducted by the government officials/departments • Surveys/studies conducted by the universities, individual researchers or non-government agencies • Owing to space limit, citation of these sources is omitted from this presentation; interested parties could refer to our publication for the full list of references (Chau and Woo, 2008) Reference: Chau PH and Woo J. (2008). How Well Are Seniors in Hong Kong Doing? An International Comparison. Hong Kong: The Hong Kong Jockey Club.

  8. Interpretation of Statistics • Due to the possible differences in conceptualization & compilation methods, the international comparisons presented can only be interpreted in a broad sense

  9. Demographic Profile

  10. Demographic Profile • People age in unique ways, depending on a large variety of factors, including demographic factors • To address different needs of the ageing population, policy-makers & service providers should understand the profile of the senior population

  11. Life Expectancy • Commonly used to quantify the longevity of a population

  12. Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy (HALE) • Describe the life expectancy with an adjustment for time spent in poor health

  13. Mortality • One of the contributing factors to longer life expectancy is the decline in the mortality rates at all ages

  14. Mortality (con’t)

  15. Proportion of Seniors • The proportion of seniors is increasing at a faster rate than any other age groups in the population • In 2007, about 11% (about 705 million) of the world's population is aged 60+ • By 2050, it is projected that about 22% (2 billion) of the world's population will be aged 60+

  16. Proportion of Seniors (con’t)

  17. Summary • The life expectancy at birth of the Hong Kong population is among the highest in the world • While Japan has been facing ageing issues for many years, Hong Kong will soon catch up

  18. Nutrition & Health-related Lifestyle

  19. Nutrition and Health-related Lifestyle • Healthy diets & regular, adequate physical activity are major factors in the promotion & maintenance of good health, especially in the prevention of chronic diseases • More importantly, diet & physical activity are modifiable factors in the well-being of seniors

  20. Dietary Habits • It is commonly believed that seniors have to avoid consumption of certain high risk food in order to maintain good health • It seems there is a lack of emphasis on encouraging seniors to consume adequate amounts of nutritious food

  21. Ate meat at least once a day: 53% Ate fish at least once a day: 48% Removed all the fat from their food when eating: 48% Drank milk at least once Ate ≥2 servings of fruits a day: 30% a day: 27% Ate ≥2 servings of vegetables a day: 78% Did not eat high fat food or ate high fat food less than once a week: 69% Dietary Habits of People Aged 65+ in Hong Kong, 2003-2004

  22. Physical Activity and Exercise • Appropriate amount of physical activity & exercise is important for all ages, including seniors, to maintain good physical & mental health

  23. U.S. 22% of people aged 65+ reported engaging in regular leisure time physical activity Hong Kong 73% of people aged 60+ reported having the habit of doing exercises regularly Japan 38% of people aged 65+ reported having the habit of doing exercises regularly Singapore 28% of people aged 60-69 exercised regularly Australia 25% of people aged 65+ reported moderate or high exercise levels in the two weeks preceding the survey Proportion of Seniors having Physical Activities and Exercises, 2004

  24. Underweight and Overweight • Being underweight (BMI< 18.5 kg/m2) is a reflection of insufficient nutrition & also makes people more vulnerable to diseases because of their weakened immune systems • Being overweight (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) is well-known for its association with a higher risk of disease, especially cardiovascular diseases • For seniors, the risks of being underweight or overweight are equally important

  25. Underweight and Overweight (con’t)

  26. Smoking • Smoking is hazardous to health

  27. Summary • The consumption of vegetables & avoidance of high fat food followed the recommended pattern fairly well. However, fruit consumption should be encouraged • Most seniors in Hong Kong had a habit of doing exercise regularly • The prevalence of being overweight among seniors in Hong Kong was lower than that of the other countries, whilst the prevalence of being underweight was higher • Hong Kong had a lower prevalence of female smokers than the other countries. However, the prevalence of male smokers was high

  28. Social Networking & Engagement

  29. Social Networking and Engagement • A healthy social life plays an important part in the well-being of individuals • A healthy social life can be sought actively by social participation • Alternatively, social support can be provided by family, friends & other people through day-to-day interactions

  30. Social Participation • Seniors have a number of opportunities to actively participate in various work or activities which enable them to interact with people in the community

  31. Participation in Formal Employment

  32. Participation in Voluntary Works

  33. Care Provided by the Seniors Hong Kong (2000) 22% of people aged 60+ took care of other family members Australia (2003) 19% of people aged 65+ were carers to older people & people with disabilities England & Wales (2001) 11% of the population aged 65+ provided unpaid care to family members, friends, neighbours or others

  34. Participation in Social Activities Hong Kong (2001-2002) 63% of people aged 65+ had participated in some kind of social activity during the 3 months preceding the survey England (2003) 65% of people aged 65-74 & 47% of people aged 75+ attended arts activities in the 12 months preceding the survey Australia (2006) 61% of people aged 65+ actively participated in a social or support group in the 12 months preceding the survey

  35. Hong Kong (2005) 12% of people aged 60-64 participated in continuing education Lifelong Learning Japan (2001) 27% of people aged 60-64 participated in "studies or research" England & Wales (2002) 51% of people aged 60-69 reported some learning Australia (2006-2007) 20% of people aged 60-64 participated in structured, taught learning in institutions & organizations U.S. (1999) 20% of people aged 66-74 took at least one adult education class in the year preceding the survey

  36. Care and Support • Care & support is important to seniors, regardless of their physical condition & health status • Caregivers not only provide support in instrumental activities & personal care, but also emotional support to seniors

  37. Care and Support (con’t) Hong Kong (2004) Among people aged 60+ who had caregivers, 37% & 27% had their children & spouse as the major caregivers respectively Australia (2003) Among people aged 65+ and receiving assistance, 18% received assistance from partners and 26%-29% from children

  38. Oldest Old Support Ratio • As most of the informal caregivers are aged 50-74, recent research suggested using the oldest old support ratio (the ratio of people aged 50-74 to those aged 85+) to provide information on the number of potential carers per person aged 85+

  39. Oldest Old Support Ratio (con’t)

  40. Summary • While the participation of seniors in formal employment, voluntary work & lifelong learning was relatively low in Hong Kong, the participation of seniors in care giving & social activities was comparable to other countries • It was common that the informal caregivers to seniors were their spouse & children • According to the oldest old support ratio, Hong Kong has the largest potential in developing informal caregivers when compared with other countries, except Singapore

  41. Functional Status

  42. Functional Status • While functional decline is commonly misbelieved to be an unavoidable part of ageing, it actually can be prevented or slowed down at any age • Given mild levels of disabilities or impairment, seniors are still able to live independently

  43. Seeing and Hearing • During the ageing process, some people might experience deterioration in seeing and/or hearing abilities

  44. Australia (2004-2005) 3% of people aged 65+ reported complete or partial blindness U.K. (2001) 28% of people aged 65+ reported difficulties with their eyesight U.S. (2004) 17% of people aged 65+ reported trouble seeing (with or without glasses/contact lenses) Proportion of Seniors with Visual Impairment Hong Kong (2000) 6% of people aged 60+ had problems with vision

  45. Hong Kong (2000) Australia (2004-2005) 4% of people aged 33% of people aged 65+ reported complete 60+ had hearing or partial difficulties deafness U.S. (2004) U.K. (2001) 32% of people aged 40% of people aged 65+ reported difficulties 65+ reported trouble with their hearing hearing (with or (without a without a hearing aid) hearing aid) Proportion of Seniors with Hearing Difficulties

  46. Activities of Daily Living (ADL) • The ability of seniors to perform daily activities independently is largely affected by the level of functional status • As suggested by the WHO, disability & functioning are outcomes of interaction between health conditions & contextual factors • The basic ADL are widely used to measure the ability of seniors to perform basic daily tasks independently

  47. Proportion of Seniors without any ADL Limitations Hong Kong (2004) 94% of people aged 60+ could perform all 6 tasks (transferring between a bed & a chair, mobility, dressing, eating, toileting & bathing) independently Japan (2002) 84% of people aged 66+ reported the ability to perform all 6 tasks (bathing, dressing, eating, getting out of bed or up from or sitting down in a chair, going outside & toileting) independently

  48. Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) • While basic ADL focuses on fundamental functioning, IADL focuses on more complicated tasks, such as cooking & communicating, which integrate proper physical & mental functioning

  49. Proportion of Seniors without any IADL Limitations Hong Kong (2004) 79% of people aged 60+ could perform all 7 tasks (meal preparation, ordinary house work, managing finance, managing medications, phone use, shopping & transportation) independently Singapore (2004) 62% of people aged 60+ did not have any limitations in performing all 8 tasks (doing laundry, doing housework, grocery shopping, preparing meals, getting to places outside the house, managing money, taking medications & using a telephone)

  50. Summary • Vision & hearing problems among seniors in Hong Kong might be less prominent than the other countries studied • The proportion of the senior population who could perform ADL & IADL tasks independently appeared to be higher than Japan & Singapore respectively

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