Madaba

1. Madaba Madaba is one of the most cities Governorate ofJordan, which has a population of about 60,000. Madaba is the fifth most population town in Jordan. Romans,Byzantine and Ummayyad are civilization live in Madaba A large Byzantine-era mosaic map Nile is the most famous in the world. deltaPalestineand the

4. History Madaba has a very long history stretching from the Neolithic period. The town of Madaba was once a Moabite border city, mentioned in the Bible in Numbers 21:30 and Joshua 13:9. Madaba dates from the Middle Bronze Age. During its rule by the Roman and Byzantine Empires from the second to the seventh centuries AD, the city formed part of the Provincia Arabia set up by the Roman Emperor Trajan to replace the Nabataean kingdom of Petra. During the rule of the IslamicUmayyad Caliphate, it was part of the southern Jund Filastin. The first witness of a Christian community in the city, with its own bishop, is found in the Acts of the Council of Chalcedon in 451, wherein Constantine, Metropolitan Archbishop of Bostra (the provincial capital) signed on behalf of Gaiano, "Bishop of the Medabeni." The resettlement of the city ruins by 90 Arab Christian families from Kerak, in the south, led by two Italian priests from the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem in 1880, saw the start of archaeological research. This in turn substantially supplemented the scant documentation available

5. Archaeological finds in Madaba city The first mosaics were discovered purely by chance during the building of the new permanent dwellings using squared-up stones from the old monuments. The new inhabitants of Madaba, made conscious of the importance of the mosaics by their priests, made sure that they took care of and preserved all the mosaics that came to light. The Map of Madaba mosaic was discovered in 1896 and the findings were published a year later. This discovery drew the attention of scholars worldwide. It also positively influenced the inhabitants, who shared the contagious passion of F. Giuseppe Manfredi, to whom the rediscovery of most of the city's mosaics are owed. Madaba became known as the "City of Mosaics" in Jordan.

6. The northern part of the city turned out to be the area containing the greatest concentration of mosaic monuments. During the Byzantine-Umayyad period, this northern area, crossed by a colonnaded Roman road, saw the building of the Church of the Map, the Hippolytus Mansion, the Church of the Virgin Mary, the Church of Prophet Elijah with its crypt, the Church of the Holy Martyrs (Al-Khadir), the Burnt Palace and the Church of the Sunna' family.

7. The Madaba Mosaic Map is an index map of the region, dating from the sixth century CE, preserved in the floor of the Greek OrthodoxBasilica of Saint George. With two million pieces of colored stone, the map depicts hills and valleys, villages and towns in Palestine and the Nile Delta. The mosaic contains the earliest extant representation of Byzantine Jerusalem, labeled the "Holy City." The map provides important details as to its 6th century landmarks, with the cardo, or central colonnaded street and the Holy Sepulchre clearly visible. This map is one key in developing scholarly knowledge about the physical layout of Jerusalem after its destruction and rebuilding in 70 AD.

8. Other mosaic masterpieces found in the Church of the Virgin and the Apostles and the Archaeological Museum, depict a profusion of flowers and plants, birds and fish, animals and exotic beasts, as well as scenes from mythology and everyday pursuits of hunting, fishing and farming. Hundred of other mosaics from the 5th through the 7th centuries are scattered throughout Madaba.

9. Hammamat Ma'in Since the days of Rome, people have come to the thermal mineral springs of Hammamat Ma'in or Zarqa Ma'in for thermal treatments - or simply to enjoy a hot soak. After all, what better way to end a day immersed in history than in a wonderful, naturally warm bath? Southwest of Madaba is Hammamat Ma’in, the thermal mineral springs that for centuries have attracted people to come and immerse themselves in the sites’ warm therapeutic waters. There is an excellent 4-star hotel here, which offers indoor and natural outdoor hot pools, a swimming pool and spa facilities.

10. Mosaic School of Madaba Close to the Church of the Virgin is the Mosaic School of Madaba, which operates under the patronage of the Ministry of Tourism. The only project of its kind in the Middle East, the School trains artisans in the art of making, repairing and restoring mosaics.

11. Bani Hamida A weaving project was started by twelve women of the tribe in 1985 and since then Bani Hamida has become famed for producing beautiful woven items in traditionally bright colors. Traditional ground looms, assembled using stones and sticks, are used for the weaving, and the products can be found at numerous outlets in Jordan and abroad. Visitors can stop by the weaving rooms, located in the village of Mukawir, to see how rugs are made. The women also make decorative candles.

12. New developments Madaba has been chosen to house new universities and a new settlement operation not far from the historic city will house over 600 villas. Kuwaiti corporations are now funding the construction of new office buildings to be built in Madaba.

13. Gallery 1_ Interior of the church in which the mosaic can be found

14. 2_ the mosaic as situated in the church

15. Madaba , the Greek Orthodox Basilica of Saint George 3_

16. TheMadaba Mosaic Map - the Greek Orthodox Basilica of Saint George in Madaba 4_

17. 5_ The Madaba Mosaic Map - the Greek Orthodox Basilica of Saint George in Madaba

26. External links Coordinates:     31°43′N 35°48′E, 35.8 Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madaba"

27. NAYFA SECNDARY SCHOOL TENTH GRADE (B)- -WALA’A MHAMMAD ABU SHRAIKH -WE’AM SHAWKAT AL RAWAGFE -NOOR NA’EL ELAYAN DIREDTED BY:EMAN ALDRO