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FINAL PUBLICATION TEACHER’S NAME: AZEDDINE TAGGOUCH OUHOUD PRIVATE SCHOOL, MARRAKECH, MOROCCO PROJECT’S NAME: DISCOVER YOUR CITY AIM OF THE PROJECT: GET TO KNOW ONE’S HOMECITY. Marrakech The Red City. By Mouad Nassif and Ayoub Lekhlifi. Planning. 1/ The History Of Marrakech
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FINAL PUBLICATION TEACHER’S NAME: AZEDDINE TAGGOUCH OUHOUD PRIVATE SCHOOL, MARRAKECH, MOROCCO PROJECT’S NAME: DISCOVER YOUR CITY AIM OF THE PROJECT: GET TO KNOW ONE’S HOMECITY
Marrakech The Red City By Mouad Nassif and Ayoub Lekhlifi
Planning 1/ The History Of Marrakech 2/ Geography Of Marrakech 3/ The Famous Monuments in Marrakech 4/ Marrakech Festivals and Events 5/ Marrakech Parks and Gardens 6/ Marrakech Museums 7/ Marrakech Popular Destinations
The History Of Marrakech 1-1. Name : Marrakech or Marrakesh (Amazigh: Murakush, Arabicمراكش Murrākush), known as the "Red City", is an important and former imperial city in Morocco. It has a population of 1,070,838 (as of 2004), and is the capital of the mid-southwestern economic region of Marrakech-Tensift-Al Haouz, near the foothills of the snow-capped Atlas Mountains. Like many North African and Middle Eastern cities, Marrakech comprises both an old fortified city (the médina) and an adjacent modern city (called Gueliz). It is served by Ménara International Airport (RAK is the code for the airport) and a rail link to Casablanca and the north. Marrakech is the third largest city in Morocco after Casablanca and Rabat.
The History Of Marrakech 1-2. History : Prior to the advent of the Almoravids in the 11th century, the area was ruled from the city of Aghmat. The Almoravid leader, Abu-Bakr Ibn-Umar decided Aghmat was becoming overcrowded and chose to build a new capital. He decided to build it in the plains near the Tansift river. He chose the site of Marrakech, because it was in neutral territory between two tribes who were vying for the honor of hosting the new capitalWork started in May 1070, but Abu-Bakr was recalled to the Sahara to put down a rebellion in January 1071 and the city was completed by his deputy and eventual successor Yusuf ibn Tashfin.The city experienced its greatest period under the leadership of Yacoub el Mansour, the third Almohad sultan. A number of poets and scholars entered the city during his reign and he began the construction of the Koutoubia Mosque and a new kasbah.
The History Of Marrakech Prior to the reign of Moulay Ismail, Marrakech was the capital of Morocco. After his reign, his grandson moved the capital back to Marrakech from Meknès. For centuries Marrakech has been known for its 'seven saints.' When sufism was at the height of its popularity, during the reign of Moulay Ismail, the festival of the 'seven saints' was founded by Abu Ali al-Hassan al-Yusi at the request of the sultan. The tombs of several renowned figures were moved to Marrakech to attract pilgrims in the same way Essaouira did at that time with its Regrega festivals. The 'seven saints' (sebaatou rizjel) is now a firmly established institution, attracting visitors from everywhere. The seven saints include Sidi Bel Abbas (the patron saint of the city), Sidi Muhammad al-Jazuli, Sidi Abu al-Qasim Al-Suhayli, Cadi Ayyad ben Moussa, Abdelaziz al-Tebaa and Abdallah al-Ghazwani.
The History Of Marrakech Marrakech was dominated in the first half of the 20th century by T'hami El Glaoui, Lord of the Atlas and Pasha of Marrakech. The poet of the city was Mohammed Ben Brahim, his favorite place was café Al-Masraf. The poems and songs of Ben Brahim are still known by heart by many Marrakshi.
Geography Of Marrakech 1-1. Position : Marrakech, or Marrakesh, Morocco, a city near the Atlas Mountains, some 140 miles (225 km) south of Casablanca. It is primarily a trade center, serving southern Morocco and known mainly for its markets and handicrafts. Tourism is also important. In the old walled section, which has changed only slightly over the centuries, are several Moorish-style palaces and the famed Koutoubia Mosque and minaret. Marrakech was founded in 1062 by the Almoravids, a Berber dynasty, and for almost two centuries was the capital and leading city of the Berber kingdoms that controlled much of Spain and North Africa. It again flourished in the 16th century, when it was Morocco's capital. Under French rule, 1912-56, it developed a modern Western section and began a new period of growth.
Geography Of Marrakech 1-2. Demographics Marrakech had an official number of population of 1,070,838 in 2004.There is a very large international community consisting mainly of Europeans estimated at 10,700 people, mostly retired.
Geography Of Marrakech 1-3. Climate
Geography Of Marrakech 1-4 . Transport : -Menara International Airport serves as the main airport for the city and receives flights from Europe and neighboring Arab countries. -A toll-paying motorway connects Marrakech with Casablanca. CTM coaches (intercity buses) and various private lines run services to most notable Moroccan towns as well as a number of European cities, from the Gare Routière on Rue Bab Doukkala in downtown Marrakech. -Marrakech is the southern terminus of the ONCF, the Moroccan railway network, and Marrakech is well served by trains heading to Tangier, Rabat, Casablanca, and Fes. The train station is located on Avenue Hassan II. -The ONCF-owned "Supratours" bus company serves towns not served by the train. The bus timetable coordinates with the train timetable and the bus terminal is right beside the station.
The Famous Monuments in Marrakech 1-1: Koutoubia: The Koutoubia Mosque (Arabic: جامع الكتبية) is the largest mosque in Marrakech, Morocco. The minaret was completed under the reign of the AlmohadCaliphYaqub al-Mansur (1184-1199) and was used as the model for the Geraldo of Seville and for the Hessian Tower of Rabat. The name is derived from the Arabic al-Koutoubiyyin for librarian, since it used to be surrounded by sellers of manuscripts. It is considered the ultimate structure of its kind. The tower is 69 m (221 ft) in height and has a lateral length of 12.8 m (41 ft). Six rooms (one above the other) constitute the interior; leading around them is a ramp by way of which the muezzin could ride up to the balcony. It is built in a traditional Almohad style and the tower is adorned with four copper globes. According to legend, the globes were originally made of pure gold, and there were once supposed to have been only three globes. The fourth globe was donated by the wife of Yacoub el-Mansour as compensation for her failure to keep the fast for one day during the month of Ramadan. She had her golden jewelry melted down to flab the fourth globe. The minaret of the Koutoubia was the model for the minaret of the Giralda mosque in Seville which in its turn has influenced thousands of church towers in Spain and Eastern Europe.
The Famous Monuments in Marrakech 1-2: The Saadian tombs : The Saadian tombs in Marrakech date back from the time of the sultan Ahmad al-Mansur (1578-1603). The tombs were only recently discovered (in 1917) and were restored by the Beaux-arts service. The tombs have, because of the beauty of their decoration, been a major attraction for visitors of Marrakech. The mausoleum comprises the corpses of about sixty members of the Saadi Dynasty that originated in the valley of the Draa River. Among the graves are those of Ahmad al-Mansur and his family. The building is composed of three rooms. The most famous is the room with the twelve columns. This room contains the grave of the son of the sultan's son Ahmad al-Mansur. The stele is in finely worked cedar wood and stucco work. The monuments are made of Italian Carrara marble. Outside the building is a garden and the graves of soldiers and servants.
The Famous Monuments in Marrakech 1-3: El Badi Palace : El Badi Palace (Arabic: قصر البديع - meaning the incomparable palace) is located in Marrakech, Morocco, and it consists nowadays of the remnants of a magnificent palace built by the Saadian king Ahmad al-Mansur in 1578. The original building is thought to have consisted of 360 rooms, a courtyard of 135 m by 110 m and a pool of 90 m by 20 m, richly decorated with Italianmarbles and large amounts of gold imported from Sudan. It also has a small, underground, tunnel-like jail with about four cells where the king kept his prisoners. Unfortunately, this fairy-like palace, which took approximately 25 years to construct, was torn apart by the AlaouiteSultanMawlay Ismail who used the materials to decorate his own palace in Meknes. The design of the palace is influenced by the Alhambra in Granada. In one of the refurbished pavilions, the Koutoubiaminbar is now on exhibition.
Marrakech Festivals and Events Speaking of Marrakech Festivals & Events, two of the biggest annual events, which draw the crowds to the Marrakech region, are: - The big Gnaoua and world music festival in Essaouira (early June) and - The film festival in the Red City (late September) Event surf groupies and post-hippies get together with ethno-beat enthusiasts and local gentry at the Gnaoua. Open-air concerts and the historic ramparts of Essaouira make a fitting backdrop. The other is the Marrakech's big cinema-festival: the FIFM is a flashier occasion altogether. This glitzy finds the blue bloods of cinema, the stars and starlets, descend on the red carpet in their best ensemble, rubbing shoulders with the big cinema names from the South.
Marrakech Festivals and Events Huge crowds gather at Jemaal Fna as along with the star struck fans a number of film enthusiasts gather to see the open-air screenings of Bollywood films. In July, Marrakech hosts a grand folklore festival, where it highlights its huge range of traditional music and dance. With the new festival management taking over this festival it is expected that this event will soon be garbed in a more ethnic attire to bring it in line with the Essaouira Gnaoua bash. There is a more discreet spring chamber music do held in Essaouira as well, not known to many. Apart from these highly publicized Moroccon events that attract the visitors to be a part of there are few long-established traditional festivals or moussems, generally in late summer, that are worth catching, especially as the tradition seems to be disappearing.
Marrakech Parks and Gardens There are several beautiful parks and gardens in Marrakech. These have been used as some of the best places to loll on green grasses while spending your vacation in this Moroccan city. If you are tired after roaming around various tourist places in the city of Marrakech, you can just spend your evening by getting teased by the fresh air in any of Marrakech Parks & Gardens. In the city of Marrakech, Jardin Menara is one of the most beautiful parks. You can reach this beautiful garden most easily. And probably this easy accessibility makes this garden a favorite nook for tourists as well as the local dwellers.
Marrakech Parks and Gardens Looking for tranquility? Come to this garden of Jardin Menara; and you will find a peaceful ambiance. It is a very peaceful place where one can relax and escape from everyday stressors. It may remind you of the favorite poem, "To One Who Has Been Long in City Pent" by John Keats where someone gets a complete relaxation after he gets in a country side and has the scenic beauty of nature. Jardin Menara features a fine-looking still pool backed by a pavilion which dates back to 1866 and an organised collection of olive groves. Jardin Majorelle, another superb garden, was planned and laid out by the French painter Majorelle in the year 1922. Amongst the striking array of flowery beauty, you will find Majorelle's blue villa which is now home to a modest museum of Islamic art.
Marrakech Parks and Gardens Agdal Gardens, Marrakech is consisted of vast orchards, a large lagoon, and other small pools. The wonder tourists experience here is the remarkable, ancient system of underground irrigation channels from the Ourika Valley in the High Atlas. The garden stretches to a full 3 km south of the Royal Palace. The utter garden is surrounded by high pisé and walls. Pisé is a mixture of mud and clay. The citrus, fig, pomegranate, olive and apricot orchards are still in their original raised-plot form, presenting you a magnificent floral beauty.
Marrakech Parks and Gardens There lies a lagoon which is believed to the largest one. The grandiose Tank of Health, is said to be the 12th-century creation of an Almohad prince. However, as with many Moroccan historic locations, the Agdal too was successively deserted and reconstructed, the latest rebirth dating from the 19th century. Before the French Protectorate's arrival, Agdal Gardens was the sultans' retreat of choice for luxurious picnics and boating parties. The garden was even at that time equipped with more than a few pavilions. However, there is an incident of misfortune at this garden. One ill-fated sultan, whose name was Sidi Mohammed III, was in fact seriously wounded at one of these fetes; his steam-powered launch sank in the pond.
Marrakech Parks and Gardens Jardin Majorelle Garden, Marrakech is one of the must see spots in Morocco. Not only attracting tourists from allover the globe, but also luring the local dwellers to spend a sunny day or relax on the green grasses determines the appeal of this magnificent Moroccan garden. During your Marrakech sightseeing, if you get tired, just come to this tranquil spot to have a magnificent feeling of relaxation. These gardens belonged to the era when colonialism was still a superior word in Europe. During the colonial period when Morocco was occupied by France. And obviously it’s the creation of a French man who put vivacity in this garden. In the 1920s the French artist Jacques Majorelle made it, completed with pools, coconut palms, bougainvilleas, banana trees and houses in an extraordinary dark blue color.
Marrakech Parks and Gardens Adding private museum of North African artifacts, later the French couturier Yves Saint-Luarent had taken well care of this garden. The gardens serve as a museum, and are open to the public for a normal entrance fee. The Majorelle Garden is actually a botanical garden in Marrakech, Morocco. Although Majorelle's art is mostly forgotten today # his composition was made up of chivalrous orientalist watercolors. A special shade of bold cobalt blue which he used extensively in the garden and its buildings is named after him, Majorelle blue. The garden hosts more than 15 bird species, which can be found only in the area of North Africa.
Marrakech Museums • Marrakech Museums feature Muslim art and architectures. Photography, paintings and ceramics are the main attractions of Marrakech Museums. Besides, jewelry of past ages, clothing, manuscripts and different mosaic designs will mesmerize you once you get in any of the Marrakech Museums
Marrakech Museums Museum of MarrakechPositioned near the Medersa Ben Youssef, the Museum of Marrakech is situated in the Dar M'Nebhi Palace and is aptly regarded one of the most gorgeous constructions remaining from the end of the nineteenth century. Contemporary art display includes expos of paintings, photography and ceramics here. Feel a large thematic exposition over here.
Marrakech Museums Islamic Art MuseumThe Islamic Art Museum is situated inside the arena of a blue villa in the Majorelle Gardens. There are exhibitions of marriage curtains and fabrics, embroideries, manuscripts, jewelry and many other masterpieces. Children are not allowed inside the museum.
Marrakech Museums • Dar Si SaidDar Si Said museum has a high-quality compilation of Moroccan works of art. Getting into it you will find treasures comprise skillfully crafted silver and Berber jewelry, intricate chests, ancient pottery, worked leather as well as an remarkable collection of carpets
Marrakech Museums Museum of the Friends of MarrakechThe Museum of the Friends of Marrakech is located in a 19th century riad that has been outstandingly reinstated. Notice the creations by Marrakechi artists offered through expositions of jewelry, ceramics, clothing and manuscript.
Marrakech Popular Destinations The second largest city of Morocco is Marrakech, which has an affluent industrial area and is the major market and organizational centre of Southern Morocco. Marrakech Popular Destinations include numerous historical monuments, buildings and the enchanting beauty of Marrakech lies in the atmosphere and the spectacular location of this city. Marrakech is the city of entertainment in Morocco. Djemaa el fna is a square in the hub of Marrakech, which is the centre for entertainers like acrobats, drummers, dancers, pipe musicians, comedians and storytellers. Different kind of meals are available here, including the sight of the Djemaa el Fna food stalls, several low-priced café restaurants and a number of high-class palace-restaurants, which offer Morocco's authentic delicacies at its very best. It is not necessary to have a guide in Marrakech, because the maps will guide you flawlessly. Marrakech Popular Destinations are; Saadian Tombs, Bahia Palace and Dar Si Said Museum where you can see the cedar woodwork, the interesting open-air market place called souks and small squares, where you can frequently watch part of the making process of specific crafts. The most interesting times to visit the souks are early morning and late afternoon when the auction of products is taken place. The Marrakech Museum houses the exhibitions of Moroccan art and sculpture, both traditional and contemporary. In the entrance quad of Marrakech Museum, there is a small bookshop and caf鮠The Marrakech Museum has many beautiful gardens with many picnic spots, lake-sized pools and calm and quiet surroundings. Jemaa el Fna (The Place of Dead) Marrakech Medina of Marrakech Marrakech Gueliz Marrakech Marrakech Souk Marrakech Ouriki Marrakech
Jemaa el Fna (The Place of Dead) At the center of Medina, the famous Djemâa el Fna square is situated, which is the heartbeat of Marrakech. The name of Jemaa el Fna (The Place of Dead), Marrakech has many interpretations: as Djemâa means, "meeting place" and el Fna means "the end" or "death," it could be translated as "Mosque of Death" or "Meeting Place at the End of the World." Nowadays Jemaa el Fna is a tourist spot, but in the past, the Djemâa's purpose was horrific: it was the place for public viewings of the disengaged heads of sinners, criminals, and Christians, hung on stakes around the square. Presently, the Jemaa el Fna (The Place of Dead), Marrakech is a place of the endless, seething carnival, which covers every activity of man. It is a gathering place of local farmers and tradesmen. Jemaa el Fna is a wide area bordered with small mosques and a series of cafés, all with rooftop terraces that permit a panoramic bird's-eye view.
Jemaa el Fna (The Place of Dead) From early morning, when Marrakech is waking up, until midnight, when most people have gone to bed, the dissonance never stops. In the market of Jemaa el Fna, stuffs are sale with the open-air entertainment, which includes elaborate sagas (sometimes with men dressed as women) that hypnotize the mass; cobra charmers with strident flutes; wild Gnaouan acrobats, dancers, and musicians with incompatible cymbals; and intermingling of monkey tamers, fortune-tellers, henna ladies, tooth pullers, and astrologers. The best time to observe the Djemâa is sunset, when the entire square turns purple, orange, or deep pink and adopts its smoky nighttime radiance from the hundreds of gas lamps that light the still-sizzling food stalls. You can rove Jemaa el Fna (The Place of Dead), Marrakech for hours, but be armed.
Ourika Marrakech Marrakech has an affluent industrial area and is the major market and organizational centre of Southern Morocco. Marrakech is a place of numerous historical monuments, buildings and the enchanting beauty of Marrakech lies in the atmosphere and the spectacular location of this city. Marrakech is the city of entertainment in Morocco. One of the important tourist spot in Marrakech is Ouriki, Marrakech, a small market village near Marrakech.
Ourika Marrakech Ouriki is a Berber village southeast of Marrakech. This small village named Ouriki, Marrakech, is known for its weekly local market, which is spread out in the whole village. The market divided in different sections, so it take some time to visit all the sections- congested with animals, vegetables, local craft and more. Many villagers from the neighboring villages visit this market. The village is very congested, but it was easy to find some quiet places at the boundaries of the village with several donkeys and local men around. The most crowded part of the market is the animal section. It is very interesting to have a look at the energetic bargaining and trade between the villagers. In another part of the market, you can see a lot of vegetables and delicious local fruits. At this colorful part of the market you will be seen many tomatoes, onions and other vegetables and herbs. The soil in the encircling area of the village must be fertile. In the animal section and vegetable section of the market, you will be hardly seen any woman.
Gueliz Marrakech Marrakech comprises of two sections: the old town, or Medina, which goes back over a thousand years; and the new town, known as "Gueliz" (after a small mountain at the edge of it), which was designed and formed by the French as a planned city early in this century. When you look down the main street of Gueliz, Marrakech you can see the minaret of the Koutoubia mosque and further than that the High Atlas Mountains, covered with snow in winter.
Gueliz Marrakech The French occupied Morocco from 1912 to 1956 and they had a concept of space that was very different from the Moroccan. In the 1920s, when Gueliz, Marrakech was being planned and built, The French city-planners thought that the streets needed to be broad and houses separated from each other and clearly observable from the street. The centre of Gueliz is like a circle and the streets radiate out like spokes of a wheel. This place looks like a little of Paris, Place de l’Etoile and the avenues one of which is the Champs Elysee. Gueliz, Marrakech is the modern business district in Marrakech, and it is completely different from the medina –the old historic town. This place is very much alike with a French city. For the visitor, it is the place where you find restaurants with airs and graces, pizzas and pasta joints, and bars.
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Marrakech Marrakech (Arabic: Mûrrakûsh, مراكش) know as the Pearl of the South or South Gate and City or Town red ocher, a city of Morocco in the foothills of the Atlas mountains. The city was founded in 1062 by Yusuf Ibn Tasufin, first king of the dynasty of the Almoravids. Historically, Morocco was known as the east of Marrakech (name still current in Iran); name Morocco itself arises from the deformation of the Spanish pronunciation of Marrakech Marruecos . The city is divided into two distinct parts: the Medina or historic (10 kilometers speaker) and the new city whose neighborhoods are called major: Guéliz and Wintering.
Marrakech contains beautiful places and it is known by the Jamaa elfna the Koutoubia and other historical monuments not to mention the wonderful places and gardens. • As it is wonderful she has welcomed millions and millions of tourists from all over the world .
LA KOUTOUBIA The Koutoubia Mosque, or Mosque of booksellers, was started under the Berber dynasty of the Almoravids in 1120, but was substantially rebuilt starting from 1162 under the Almohad Amir Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur, and became one of the most characteristic buildings this style. Its name comes from the fact that it was in the bazaar merchants manuscripts. Koutoubia fascinated by the beauty of its forms and the grandeur of its architecture, its minaret, 77 meters high, is visible over 25 km. It is the religious monuments most famous Marrakech.
LA MENARA Fitted under the Almohad dynasty, the Menara is a large garden planted with olive groves about 45 minutes walk from the Jamaa El Fna (Marrakech center). At the heart of this garden, a large basin at the foot of a house serves as a reservoir of water to irrigate crops. It is a very quiet place, away from the hustle of the city. It is therefore an ideal place for walking. The basin is fed water through a hydraulic system older than 700 years, bringing water from the mountains about 30 km from Marrakech. This basin allows irrigation of the olive Grove.
THE BADI PALACE El Badi Palace, located in Marrakech was built in the late sixteenth century by Sultan Ahmed Sa'did al-Mansur dahbi to celebrate the victory over the Portuguese army in 1578 in the battle known as the "Battle of Three Kings ". The construction of this sumptuous palace lasted from 1578 to 1603. The richest materials were used to decorate parts of the 360 princely complex. Today, there remains a vast esplanade dug gardens, planted with orange trees and surrounded by high walls. Indeed, in 1696, the Alawite Sultan Moulay Ismail took what was most rich in this palace to build the imperial city of Meknes. The design of this jewel of Islamic art was influenced by the Alhambra in Granada.
THE BAHIA PALACE The Bahia Palace, located in Marrakech, is a masterpiece of Moroccan architecture which was built in the late nineteenth century, like most Arab palaces, it contains beautiful gardens and beautiful courtyards, and includes lavishly decorated rooms. The construction of the palace was undertaken by architect Moroccan El Mekki on behalf of the Grand Vizier Ahmed Ben Moussa Ba said Hmad.
JAMAA EL FNA Jamaa El Fna is a square in Marrakesh next to the Koutoubia mosque. This high-rise tourist draws ever more than one million visitors come to attend performances facilitated by the snake charmers, monkey trainers, storytellers, musicians and other popular artists (games, drawing henna etc ...) early evening until the call to prayer at dawn. The intensity of these activities spectacular and original advocated the inclusion of this site by UNESCO in 2001 as a World Heritage orally, the first of its kind worldwide. It is also distinguished by speakers who tell tales or extolling the virtues of magic products. It should however be vigilant against the many pickpockets who officiate.
