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Basics of Computing: Understanding Binary and Decimal Numbering Systems

Explore how information is stored in computers using binary and decimal systems. Learn about CPUs, memory, interfaces, and networking basics. Discover the differences between binary and decimal numbering systems and their applications in computing.

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Basics of Computing: Understanding Binary and Decimal Numbering Systems

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  1. CISCO

  2. Computer Networking

  3. The Internet

  4. The Internet Yesterday

  5. Basics of Computing

  6. Parts of a Computer • CPU - Central Processing Unit • Memory - ROM, RAM, etc. • Interface - Modem, Video Card, Floppy, etc. All are connected by a bus which is plug in slots.

  7. NIC • Network Interface Card • PCs use IDE or PCI • Laptops use PCMCIA (“credit card”) TCP/IP - the computers address on the network

  8. LAN Local Area Network used within or between offices WAN Wide Area Network used between buildings or within a “complex” Networks - a “conglomeration” of people or things focused on a common goal

  9. How is information stored in computers? • By using the binary number system • The only possible symbols or "bits", are 1 and 0. • The bits represent text, pictures, and sounds • A 1 bit is often represented by the presence of voltage on a copper conducting cable or light in an optical fiber

  10. Imagine measuring the voltage at one point on the cable as time goes on (for a fiber, imagine measuring the light intensity versus time). • Your measurements would allow you to create a graph of voltage versus time (for a fiber, light intensity versus time).

  11. The numbering system most frequently used is the decimal numbering system. A decimal numbering system is based on powers of 10: 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, etc. 100 = 1 101 = 10 X 1 or 10 102 = 10 X 10 or 100 103 =10 X 10 X 10, or 1000 104 = ?????????

  12. When counting in the decimal system when you reach the number 9 you must add another digit. Examples: Count 9, 10 Count 99, 100 Count 999, 1000

  13. Binary numbering system (Bit - binary digit) How does a binary number system differ from a decimal numbering system? A binary numbering system is based on powers of 2 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, etc. 20 = 1 21 = 2 X 1 or 2 22 = 2 X 2 or 4 23 =2 X 2 X 2, or 8 24 = ?????????

  14. Let’s count in binary. Remember you can only use 0s and 1s. 0 1 10 11 100 101 110 111

  15. Let’s take a break and complete a worksheet on converting decimal to binary and vice versa. Bonus: What would an octet of all ones equal?

  16. American Standard Computer Information Interchange

  17. Water Hiway System Radio Audio Media Coaxial Cable Category 5 Cable (Cat 5) Fiber Optic Bandwidth determines throughput (because file are transferred faster) slow or fast 14.4K or 56K Bandwidth

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