Global, etc.

1. Global, etc. Errol Meidinger SUNY Buffalo Law School eemeid@buffalo.edu

2. Overview • Presentation format • Focus on Key Concepts • Socratic • Nation States • National/International • Supranational • Regional • Transnational • Global (Governance)

6. The Westphalian Order State Sovereignty • State supremacy (e.g., over church) • Territorial Monopoly • Border Inviolability • Self-Determination (no duties unless voluntarily agreed to) • Law = Command of the Sovereign • Sum: Absolute Control of Internal Persons and Things

7. The State Continuum (from Schmitt)

8. Westphalia circa 1800Contestation and Construction

9. Westphalian International Society • Community of Sovereigns • Only States can be members • Equality among States • Non-Intervention in internal affairs of another state • International Law = contracts among states • State not bound unless agrees to be bound

10. National/International

11. States and Societies • Why say “Nation-State”? • States may not match up well with the human groups within them • Difficult to achieve willing adherence to state policies without identification • Effort to create new concepts of (national) societies • “Imagined Communities” (Benedict Anderson) • Separate problem: communities and relationships extending beyond state boundaries

12. Cross-Border Flows • Business • Goods • Labor • Capital • Production Chains: ongoing relationships, interdependence • Information • Atmosphere • International waters • Migratory species (birds, fish) • Pollution • War • Need something more than international treaties?

13. Supranational • Transfer of legal authority and decision making power to an external institution or international body • Weak form: governments agree to make future decisions by, e.g., majority rule rather than unanimity (“pooled sovereignty”) • Stronger form: supranational body given authority to make decisions not subject to state consensus (“delegated sovereignty”) • UN Security Council • EU Commission, Parliament, and Court of Justice [also often called “Regional”] • WTO Council, dispute panels, and Appellate Body

14. Supranational

15. Regional • Usually international or supranational • Examples • EU • Organization of American States • Association of Southeast Asian Nations • Highly variable • Usually based on shared interests of some kind

17. Transnational • Crossing borders without significant inter-governmental interactions • Trade • Corporations • Civil society organizations (NGOs) • Social movements • Social networks • Ideas • Pollution

18. Transnational

19. Global Issues • Climate change • Deforestation • Ocean fisheries • Acid rain • POPs • Genetic diversity • Etc. • Trade in goods and services • Capital markets • Criminal networks • Air transport system • Telecommunications networks • Etc.

20. Global “Governance” • Support global ordering without necessarily supporting a global government • Sense that a global order is emerging • Complex governmental/non-governmental coordination structures • Many forms of interlinked coordination

21. Global Forest Policy Governance?