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Routing In Wireless Mesh Networks CST593 Final Project by Dilshad Haleem

Routing In Wireless Mesh Networks CST593 Final Project by Dilshad Haleem Division of Computing Studies, ASU Polytechnic. CST593 Committee. Chair : Dr. Bruce R. Millard Member : Dr. Alan Skousen Member: Dr. Timothy E. Lindquist. Introduction.

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Routing In Wireless Mesh Networks CST593 Final Project by Dilshad Haleem

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  1. Routing In Wireless Mesh Networks CST593 Final Project by Dilshad Haleem Division of Computing Studies, ASU Polytechnic Dilshad Haleem CST593 summer 2007

  2. CST593 Committee • Chair : Dr. Bruce R. Millard • Member : Dr. Alan Skousen • Member: Dr. Timothy E. Lindquist Dilshad Haleem CST593 summer 2007

  3. Introduction • Wireless Mesh Networks are radio based self configuring networks, with minimal infrastructure requirements • Nodes operate as host and also as a router • Reliable, resilient and robust • Different than Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Dilshad Haleem CST593 summer 2007

  4. Architecture Reference: http://www.primidi.com/2005/01/04.html Dilshad Haleem CST593 summer 2007

  5. Difference between WMNs and MANETs • Mesh Routers are relatively static • No power constraints • Traffic concentration may be higher in certain paths (hot spots) • Number of users Dilshad Haleem CST593 summer 2007

  6. Ad Hoc On Demand (AODV) • A protocol developed for MANETs • Reactive in operation • Route discovery and maintenance using control packets (RREQ, RREP, RERR and HELLO) • Uses minimum hop count as the performance metric Dilshad Haleem CST593 summer 2007

  7. Problem Statement • Creating Wireless Mesh Network and Ad Hoc Network scenarios in OPNET Modeler • Simulating AODV in Wireless Mesh and Wireless Ad Hoc Networks • Performance comparison • Implementation of Expected Transmission Count (ETX) as a Process Model in OPNET Dilshad Haleem CST593 summer 2007

  8. Wireless Ad Hoc Network VS WMN Dilshad Haleem CST593 summer 2007

  9. AODV and WLAN Parameters Dilshad Haleem CST593 summer 2007

  10. Simulation ResultsEnd to End Delay • High Delay is observed in WMN • Probable reason, nodes closer to the GW, are relaying theirs and other nodes’ traffic • MAC layer Fairness Dilshad Haleem CST593 summer 2007

  11. Simulation ResultsRouting Traffic Received • More RREQ and RREP in Ad Hoc Network • Routes do not change frequently in WMN • Mostly in case of node failure or new node joining Dilshad Haleem CST593 summer 2007

  12. Simulation ResultsRouting Traffic Sent Dilshad Haleem CST593 summer 2007

  13. Simulation ResultsThroughput • Less throughput is observed in WMN • Throughput decreases as the number of hops increases Dilshad Haleem CST593 summer 2007

  14. Simulation ResultsThroughput of node_7 & node_9 • Node_7 enjoys a higher throughput, than node_9 • Node_9 is 3-hops away from the Gateway Dilshad Haleem CST593 summer 2007

  15. Expected Number of Transmission (ETX) • Routing Protocol must be aware of the consequence of path selection • Routing protocol must be aware of the link condition • Link layer performance metric, ETX is the loss rate of broadcast packets between pair of nodes Dilshad Haleem CST593 summer 2007

  16. Implementation of ETX • Nodes broadcast probe packets(134 bytes) once per second • Nodes keep track of the number of probes received in 10 seconds • Reverse delivery ratio = pkt rcvd / pkt sent • Forward delivery ratio is obtained from the neighbors’ probe Dilshad Haleem CST593 summer 2007

  17. Implementation of ETX in OPNETNode Model • Pkt_src processor generates probe packets • Calc_ETX module calculates ETX • Rcv and xmt modules rcv and tx the packets Dilshad Haleem CST593 summer 2007

  18. Implementation of ETX in OPNETCalc_ETX Process Model (FSM) • INIT state performs initialization of State variables • Time_out state reset the packet count every 10 seconds and calculates ETX • Idle state waits until a packet needs to be sent or received Dilshad Haleem CST593 summer 2007

  19. Implementation of ETX in OPNETCalc_ETX Network Model • 2 nodes Network Model • Data rate is set to 11Mbps Dilshad Haleem CST593 summer 2007

  20. Simulation Results of ETX Model • Reverse Delivery Ratio = pkt rcvd / pkt sent = 10/10 =1 • Forward Delivery ratio, piggybacked on neighbor’s probe = 1 Dilshad Haleem CST593 summer 2007

  21. Simulation Results of ETX ModelLink ETX • Link ETX = 1 • This implied a perfect link • As link ETX increases link quality decrease • ETX quantify the link Dilshad Haleem CST593 summer 2007

  22. Conclusion • MANETs’ routing protocols are not suitable for WMNs • Simulation confirmed that, throughput decreases , when AODV is used in WMNs • Routing protocol should be aware of the link condition • Implementation of link quality metric (ETX) model in OPNET Dilshad Haleem CST593 summer 2007

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