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APPLIED ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY OF THE URINARY SYSTEM

APPLIED ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY OF THE URINARY SYSTEM . Functional Anatomy and Physiology Kidney size = 11-14cm Located retro - peritoneally on either side of vertebral column, Extends from T12 to L3. Left kidney is slightly higher than Right.

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APPLIED ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY OF THE URINARY SYSTEM

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  1. APPLIED ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY OF THE URINARY SYSTEM DR. S Chakradhar

  2. Functional Anatomy and Physiology • Kidney size = 11-14cm • Located retro - peritoneally on either side of vertebral column, • Extends from T12 to L3. • Left kidney is slightly higher than Right. • Kidneys receive about 20-25% of the cardiac output. DR. S Chakradhar

  3. Gross structure Dr S Chakradhar

  4. Nephron • It is the structural & functional unit of kidney. Parts • Glomerulus / Renal Corpuscles • Renal tubule • Bowman's Capsule / Glomerular Capsule • Proximal Convoluted tubule • Descending limb of loop • Loop of Henle • Ascending limb of loop • Distal convoluted tubule • Collecting duct DR. S Chakradhar

  5. Proximal Convoluted Tubule Glomerulus Distal Convoluted Tubule Loop of Henle Thick ascending limb Collecting Duct Loop of Henle Thin descending limb Loop of Henle Thin ascending limb

  6. DR. S Chakradhar

  7. Blood Supply

  8. Blood Supply

  9. Glomerulus ( Renal Corpuscle) • Capillary tuft surrounded by bowman’s capsule • Bowmen’s space ( urinary space) • Components: • Capillaries: endothelial cells • Podocytes ( visceral epithelium): podocytes foot processes • Mesengial cells • Parietal epithelium

  10. Podocytes Dr S Chakradhar

  11. Mesangial Cells • Lie in the central region of the glomerulus. • Contraction of these cells decreases GFR while relaxation increases GFR Dr S Chakradhar

  12. Capillary Space GBM Endothelium Podocyte Urinary Space Filtration barrier • Capillary endothelium, • Basement membrane, and • Visceral Epithelium (podocytes) Filtration slits

  13. Urine formation DR. S Chakradhar

  14. DR. S Chakradhar

  15. Juxta - glomerular apparatus • Macula densa – modified cells of distal tubule near afferent arteriole are taller • Juxtaglomerular cells are myoepithelial cells in afferent arteriole. They secrete rennin • Polkissen cells/Lacis cells -outside the kidney glomerulus near the macula densa and bound laterally by afferent and efferent arterioles.

  16. Renin Angiotensin DR. S Chakradhar

  17. Functions of the kidneys: • Formation & secretion of urine • Control of the internal environment • Salt, water, osmolarity, plasma volume/ BP • Acid-base control; H+, HCO3- • Other ions; K+, Ca++, phosphate, Mg++ • Excretion; urea, creatinine, urates, drugs • Endocrine • Renin, angiotensin, aldosterone axis • 1,25 OH Vit D3 • Erythropoietin DR. S Chakradhar

  18. Summary Think of the kidney as an organ of homeostasis not as an organ of excretion

  19. Lower Urinary Tract DR. S Chakradhar

  20. Micturation DR. S Chakradhar

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