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Argument: An Introduction (WA Chapter 1)

Argument: An Introduction (WA Chapter 1). CS4001 Kristin Marsicano. Non-Workable Theories. Briefly define each of the four theories Quinn rejects. Discuss why they are rejected. What is an Argument?. Give an example of a dialogue that is not an argument?. What is an Argument?.

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Argument: An Introduction (WA Chapter 1)

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  1. Argument: An Introduction(WA Chapter 1) CS4001 Kristin Marsicano

  2. Non-Workable Theories Briefly define each of the four theories Quinn rejects. Discuss why they are rejected.

  3. What is an Argument? • Give an example of a dialogue that is not an argument?

  4. What is an Argument? • Not a “fight” or a “quarrel” • We are not concerned with the definition of an argument as a heated disagreement. • Quarrelers exchange antagonistic assertions without any attempt to support them rationally. • Not a pro-con debate • Debates stress winning and losing to the detriment of cooperative inquiry/clarifying one’s values.

  5. What is an Argument? • Give an example of a dialogue that is not an argument? • What are types of arguments? What are some examples of each?

  6. What is an Argument? • Can be explicit or implicit • Explicit—direct argument with claims and supporting reasoning and evidence. • Implicit—visual image, cartoon, narrative, poem, etc. • In this class, we will focus on explicit arguments

  7. What is an Argument? • Give an example of a dialogue that is not an argument? • What are types of arguments? What are some examples of each? • What are essential components of an argument?

  8. What is an Argument? • Necessary components of an argument • Set of two or more conflicting assertions • Attempt to resolve the conflict through and appeal to reason (usually backed by evidence) • Makes and justifies claims in support of the argument • Addresses counterclaims • Aside: Assumptions are built into many claims • assumption underlying a line of line of reasoning is called a warrant • Important to clarify assumptions to the audience

  9. What is an Argument? • Argument is both a product and a process • Process—argumentation is a process, often involving a conversation or dialogue. • Product—the product of an argument is a summing up of the contributions or the conclusion

  10. What is an Argument? • Argument is a balance between truth seeking and persuasion • Truth-seeking—the best solution; an optimal solution • Persuasion—what reasons and evidence that best speak to audience’s values and views

  11. The Problem of Truth(Truth versus Persuasion) • What’s the balance? (Too much tilt towards persuasion makes argument propaganda) • May have to sacrifice winning a debate in terms of higher goals, Truth and Goodness • Socrates versus the Sophists (Athens, 5th century B.C.) • Socrates—the goal of debate is to rid the world of error • Sophists—mercenary debaters who relied on any persuasive technique to win. There are no basic assumptions, no fundamental principles, no truths

  12. The Problem of Truth(Truth versus Persuasion) • But is it better to sometimes win a debate, even if have to lean more towards persuasion than truth-seeking? • And what is truth anyway? Could arguers begin from different basic principles and thus different versions of truth? What is “good” or the “best solution”? That can depend on your starting premises.

  13. Argument • What is an argument? Give an example of a dialogue that is not an argument? • What are types of arguments? What are some examples of each? • What are essential components of an argument? • What are three situations in your life/career that you anticipate (during the next five years) will require you to make an persuasive argument? (what is the situation, who will be involved, etc.)

  14. Class Activity Class Activity: Forming an Opinion

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