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Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids. Nucleic Acids Structures of Nucleic Acids DNA Replication RNA and Transcription. Nucleotides. Nucleic acids consist of nucleotides that have a sugar, nitrogen base, and phosphate nucleoside. Base. PO 4. Sugar. Nitrogen-Containing Bases. Sugars. Nucleosides in DNA.

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Nucleic Acids

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  1. Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Structures of Nucleic Acids DNA Replication RNA and Transcription

  2. Nucleotides Nucleic acids consist of nucleotides that have a sugar, nitrogen base, and phosphate nucleoside Base PO4 Sugar

  3. Nitrogen-Containing Bases

  4. Sugars

  5. Nucleosides in DNA Base Sugar Nucleoside Adenine (A) Deoxyribose Adenosine Guanine (G) Deoxyribose Guanosine Cytosine (C) Deoxyribose Cytidine Thymine (T) Deoxyribose Thymidine

  6. Nucleosides in RNA Base Sugar Nucleoside Adenine (A) ribose Adenosine Guanine (G) ribose Guanosine Cytosine (C) ribose Cytidine Uracil (U) ribose Uridine

  7. Example of a Nucleotide

  8. Nucleotides in DNA and RNA DNA dAMP Deoxyadenosine monophosphate dGMP Deoxyguanosine monophosphate dCMP Deoxycytidine monophosphate dTMP Deoxythymidine monophosphate RNA AMP adenosine monophosphate GMP guanosine monophosphate CMP cytidine monophosphate UMP uridine monophosphate

  9. Structure of Nucleic Acids • Polymers of four nucleotides • Linked by alternating sugar-phosphate bonds • RNA: ribose and A, G, C, U • DNA: deoxyribose and A,G,C,T nucleotide nucleotide nucleotide nucleotide base base base base sugar sugar P sugar P sugar P P

  10. Nucleic Acid Structure 3,5-phosphodiester bond 3 5

  11. Double Helix of DNA • DNA contains two strands of nucleotides • H bonds hold the two strands in a double-helix structure • A helix structure is like a spiral stair case • Bases are always paired as A–T and G-C • Thus the bases along one strand complement the bases along the other

  12. Complementary Base Pairs • Two H bonds for A-T • Three H bonds for G-C

  13. Double Helix of DNA

  14. Learning Check NA1 Write the complementary base sequence for the matching strand in the following DNA section: -A-G-T-C-C-A-A-T-G-C- • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  15. Solution NA1 Write the complementary base sequence for the matching strand in the following DNA section: -A-G-T-C-C-A-A-T-G-C- • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • -T-C-A-G-G-T-T-A-C-G-

  16. DNA Replication • DNA in the chromosomes replicates itself every cell division • Maintains correct genetic information • Two strands of DNA unwind • Each strand acts like a template • New bases pair with their complementary base • Two double helixes form that are copies of original DNA

  17. DNA Unwinds G- -C A- -T C- + -G T- -A G-C A-T C-G T-A

  18. DNA Copied with Base Pairs Two copies of original DNA strand G-C G-C A-T A-T C-G + C-G T-A G-A

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