汉英语言类型比较

1. 汉英语言类型比较 一、意合与形合

2. 她们妯娌吵嘴，不巧被我撞见了。 • I chanced to be present when the sisters-in-law were having a quarrel.

3. 好不容易才说服她，照我的想法办。 • With some difficulty I brought her to my way of thinking.

4. 只见那个理发师俯下身，听小姑娘说，她要什么发式。只见那个理发师俯下身，听小姑娘说，她要什么发式。 • Leaning down to hear the girl, the barber listened to her about the style she wanted.

5. 对人太苛求，没有什么道理，自己也容易失望。对人太苛求，没有什么道理，自己也容易失望。 • You have little cause to make excessive demands from others and make yourself disappointed in return.

6. 酒不醉人人自醉。 • It is not the wine that intoxicates but the drinker who gets himself drunk.

7. 人到醉时方觉醒，醒时难得醉时清。 • It is not until one gets drunk that he gets sober and it is difficult for him to get as sober as he gets drunk.

8. 那时舅舅抱着我，哄着我，我觉得很温暖。 • Sitting on my uncle’s lap, being humored all the way, I was feeling very good.

9. 我软化了，我被母亲那颗永远充满了爱而又从来缺少爱的心软化了。我终于决定按照母亲的愿望，报考中文系。我软化了，我被母亲那颗永远充满了爱而又从来缺少爱的心软化了。我终于决定按照母亲的愿望，报考中文系。

10. I weakened, softened by my mother’s ever-lasting love that had never been reciprocated with love. In the end, I decided to enroll in the Chinese Department, following my mother’s wish.

11. 二十岁的时候，我想出名要趁早，一个人到了三十岁还籍籍无名那还活个什么劲儿呀？三十岁之后，名是不指望了，只是希望在四十岁的时候能像我的老板一样有钱。二十岁的时候，我想出名要趁早，一个人到了三十岁还籍籍无名那还活个什么劲儿呀？三十岁之后，名是不指望了，只是希望在四十岁的时候能像我的老板一样有钱。

12. At the age of twenty, it’s better to be famous before it’s too late, I believed. What would be the spice of life for a person deserted by fame when approaching thirty? After thirty, fame seems still beyond reach, yet being as rich as my boss at forty becomes my new dream.

13. 二、具体与抽象

14. Our very anxiety is born of our knowledgeof what is now possible for each other and all. • 我们之所以焦虑不安是因为我们知道对每一个人，对所有人可能发生什么事。

15. He was not to appeal for the end of poverty and ignorance and disease; he called for the destruction of the system which was responsible for these evils. • 他并不满足于呼吁消除贫苦、愚昧和疾病，他号召摧毁那个造成这一切罪恶的制度。

16. Disintegration Ardent loyalty Far-sighted Perfect harmony Impudence Careful consideration Total exhaustion 土崩瓦解 赤胆忠心 远见卓识 水乳交融 厚颜无耻 深思熟虑 精疲力尽 汉语中形象化的成语

17. Feed on fancies With great eagerness Offend public decency Make a little contribution On the verge of destruction Await with great anxiety Lack of perseverance 画饼充饥 如饥似渴 伤风败俗 添砖加瓦 危在旦夕 望穿秋水 三天打鱼，两天晒网 汉语中形象化的成语

18. 他绝望了，正在此时，他见到远方的帆影，有了绝处逢生的希望。他绝望了，正在此时，他见到远方的帆影，有了绝处逢生的希望。 • He gave up all the hope when theappearance of a distant sail raised his hope of rescue.

19. 越来越多的老人接受了子孙们对于迪斯科舞和爵士音乐所表现出来的日益浓厚的兴趣这个事实。越来越多的老人接受了子孙们对于迪斯科舞和爵士音乐所表现出来的日益浓厚的兴趣这个事实。 • It seems that there is a growing acceptanceby the old generation of their children and their grand children’s increasing interest in disco and jazz.

20. 他通晓多种不常使用的外国语，这使我们大家感到惊讶。他通晓多种不常使用的外国语，这使我们大家感到惊讶。 • His familiarity with many rarely used languages surprised us all.

21. 而庭阶寂寂，小鸟来啄食，人至不去。 • It was quiet round the steps and small birds would come looking for food, not bothered by the presenceof man.

22. 住在上海“弄堂房子”里的人对于月亮的圆缺隐现是不甚关心的。住在上海“弄堂房子”里的人对于月亮的圆缺隐现是不甚关心的。 • People living in the small alleyways of Shanghai pay little attention to the waxing and waning, or the visibility, of the moon.

23. 我先是诧异，接着是不安，似乎这话与我有关系。我先是诧异，接着是不安，似乎这话与我有关系。 • My initial astonishmentgave way to a deep uneasiness; I felt that this had something to do with me.

24. 三、动态和静态 • 汉语表达上趋向于动态（Dynamic），而英语则更具有静态（Static）特征。

25. 火箭已经用来探索宇宙。 • Rockets have found applicationfor the exploration of the universe.

26. 他深信，只有对历史加以透彻研究，才能真正学到知识。他深信，只有对历史加以透彻研究，才能真正学到知识。 • He is in the full conviction that real knowledge is the end product of a thorough study of the history.

27. 林则徐认为，要成功地禁止鸦片买卖，就得首先把鸦片销毁。林则徐认为，要成功地禁止鸦片买卖，就得首先把鸦片销毁。 • Lin Zexu believed that a successful ban of the trade in opium must be preceded by the destruction of the drug itself.

28. 他酷爱古典音乐。 • He is an ardent lover of classical music.

29. 他统治那个地区长达20年之久。 • He had been the ruler of that region for as long as twenty years.

30. 那个家伙老是滔滔不绝讲个不停。 • That fellow is very talkative.

31. 他读书时不加选择。 • He is indiscriminate in reading.

32. 你得喝几口水，把药丸吞下去。 • You have to wash the pill down with sips of water.

33. 上下班他一般坐地铁。 • He usually rides subways to and from work.

34. 有一个有力的根据足以推定他们所讲的是真实的。有一个有力的根据足以推定他们所讲的是真实的。 • There is a strong presumption in favor of the truthfulnessof their statement.

35. 他五岁时候，生了一场伤寒病，变成了聋子。 • He became deaf at five after an attack of typhoid fever.

36. （1）我倒了一杯茶给他喝。 • I offered him a cup of tea.

37. （2）他拿着枪，绕着屋子巡走。 • He walked around the house with a gun.

38. （3）游行的人拿着鲜花和彩旗在街道上行进。（3）游行的人拿着鲜花和彩旗在街道上行进。 • The paraders marched in the street, carrying flowers and banners in their hands.

39. （4）实现理想境界要靠辛勤劳动。 • To translate ideals into reality needs hard work.

40. （5）解决问题的最好办法是进行调查研究。（动词词组作定语、表语）（5）解决问题的最好办法是进行调查研究。（动词词组作定语、表语） • The best way to solve the problem is to conduct investigations.