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Chemistry 231

Chemistry 231. Chapter 3 – Enthalpy and Internal Energy: The Importance of State Functions. The Properties of the Pressure, P. Let’s examine the pressure of any system as a function of T and V. The Isothermal Compressibility. For a fluid system or a solid Isothermal Compressibility.

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Chemistry 231

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  1. Chemistry 231 Chapter 3 – Enthalpy and Internal Energy: The Importance of State Functions

  2. The Properties of the Pressure, P Let’s examine the pressure of any system as a function of T and V

  3. The Isothermal Compressibility • For a fluid system or a solid • Isothermal Compressibility

  4. Coefficient of Thermal Expansion • For solids and fluid systems • The coefficient of thermal expansion

  5. The Final Expression Assume that we will write pressure as a function of T and V

  6. The Properties of U In general, we write U as a function of T and V

  7. Isothermal Changes in U Examine the second partial derivative

  8. The Joule Experiment O O O O C C F F 50 120 100 40 30 80 20 60 10 40 0 20 10 0 20 20 30 40 40 60 50 A T1, Vm,1, P1 B Stirrer Thermal insulation Valve

  9. The Joule Coefficient is known as the Joule coefficient, J. The partial derivative

  10. Internal Energy and the Joule Coefficient The change in the internal energy under isothermal conditions is related to the Joule Coefficient

  11. Relating CP and CV • In general For an ideal gas

  12. The Properties of H In general, we write H as a function of T and P

  13. The Constant Pressure Heat Capacity Define the constant pressure heat capacity, CP

  14. Isothermal Changes in H Examine the second partial derivative

  15. The Joule-Thomson Experiment Thermal insulation O O O O C O C O O O F F C C F F 50 120 50 120 100 40 100 40 30 80 30 80 20 20 60 60 10 10 40 40 0 0 20 20 10 10 0 0 20 20 20 20 30 30 40 40 40 40 60 50 60 50 T2, P2, Vm,2 T1, P1, Vm,1 Porous Plug

  16. The Joule-Thomson Coefficient is known as the Joule-Thomson coefficient, JT. The partial derivative

  17. Relating H to the Joule-Thompson Coefficient The change in the enthalpy under constant pressure conditions is related to the Joule-Thomson Coefficient

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