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Delve into the artistic and historical highlights of the Classical period, from the Age of Enlightenment to the evolution of music genres. Discover the shifts in power, artistic styles, and musical innovations that defined this era.
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Music of the Classical Period (1750-1820)
“Classical” Defined • A “classic” is any supreme accomplishment of lasting appeal (for example a movie classic or classic rock song) • “classical” music (lowercase “c”) usually refers to any music that is NOT rock , jazz, folk, or popular • “Classical” music (uppercase “C”) refers to music written between 1750-1820, which exhibits some of the artistic ideas found in “Neoclassic” visual art and architecture • In visual art and architecture, “Classical” Art refers to Greek and Roman antiquity
Classicial Historical Highlights • Age of Enlightenment; using reason to solve social problems • Age of violent upheavals - French & American Revolutions, Napoleonic Wars • Political power shifts from noble courts and church to the newly empowered middle class • Composers move from high-class servants to free-lance, self-employed artists
Classical Artistic Highlights • New emphasis on balance and clarity of structure • Neoclassic Architecture and Painting • firm lines & clear structure • balance & symmetry • moralistic subject matter • Greek & Roman references • Arts meant to please and entertain rather than instruct: new emphasis on naturalness & pleasing variety • Rococo artists: Watteau; Fragonard
Fragonard • The Reader
Vocal Music Genres Opera Instrumental Music Genres Orchestral Music Symphony Concerto Chamber Music String Quartet Serenade Classical Music Genres
Classical Musical Highlights • New emphasis on pleasing variety • Highly flexible rhythms (i.e. all different lengths of short and long notes) • More difference between musical ideas within a single movement or piece • Introduction of crescendo and diminuendo into varied dynamic changes • New emphasis onnaturalness • Demand for simplicity and clarity in melody and harmony • Use of secular pop/folk “tunes” in art music • More melody & accompaniment (homophonic) textures • New emphasis on morality, common people, and everyday life in OPERA • Example: • W.A. Mozart’s Act 1, Scene 1from Don Giovanni
Opera • Sung theatrical work • Staged with costumes and sets • Example: WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART Act 1, excerpt from Opening Scenefrom Don Giovanni