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Lección 10

Lección 10. !A comer!. Ecuador. Comidas en diferentes países. Construcción Se + verbo. Spanish uses the Se + verb construction to emphasize the occurrence on an action rather tan the person(s) responsible for the action. The noun usually follows the verb. The person is not mentioned.

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Lección 10

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  1. Lección 10 !A comer!

  2. Ecuador

  3. Comidas en diferentes países

  4. Construcción Se + verbo • Spanish uses the Se + verb construction to emphasize the occurrence on an action rather tan the person(s) responsible for the action. • The noun usually follows the verb. The person is not mentioned.

  5. Construcción Se + verbo Se venden frutas, verduras y flores. Se recomienda comida sana Use a singular verb with singular nouns and a plural verb with plurar nouns

  6. Construcción Se + verbo • Se come mucho en este restaurante • Se trabaja poco los fines de semana Use singular verb when the se + verb construction is followed not by a noun, but by an adverb, an infinitive or a clause.

  7. Talking about the recent past • Both Spanish and English have perfect tenses that are used to refer to past actions, events, and conditions. Both languages use an auxiliary verb (haber is Spanish, to have in English) followed by a past participle. • Use the present perfect to refer to a past event, action, or condition that has some relation to the present. Yo he comido ceviche Nosotros no hemos estado en la mitad del mundo aún

  8. Present tense of haber + past participle • Yo he • Tú has • Vd., él, ella ha hablado • Nosotros/as hemos comido • Vosotros/as habéis vivido • Uds., ellos/as han ?Has hablado con Kity hoy? Sí, ya he hablado

  9. Present tense of haber + past participle • Form the present perfect by using the present tense of haber as an auxiliary verb with the past participle of the main verb. • Tener is never used as the auxiliary verb to form the perfect tense Los campesinos hantrabajado mucho en la cosecha

  10. Present tense of haber + past participle • All past participles of • –ar verbs end in –ado. • All past participles of • -er verbs and –ir verbs generally end in –ido. • Some –er and –ir verbs have irregular past participles. Here are the most common ones: • Marcelo ha comido ya. Y le he puesto agua también Hacer hecho abrir abierto Poner puesto escribir escrito Romper roto cubrir cubierto Ver visto decir dicho Volver vuelto morir muerto

  11. Present tense of haber + past participle • Place object and reflexive pronouns before the auxiliary haber. Do not place any word between haber an the past participle. • The present perfect of hay is ha habido with both singular and plural nouns. ?Le has dado las manzanas a Lucia? Ha habido mas pesca últimamente Ha habido mas cangrejos a la venta

  12. Present tense of haber + past participle • To state that something has just happened use the present tense of acabar + de + infinitive, not the present perfect. Spanish uses estar + past participle to express a state or condition resulting from a prior action. • Acabamos de cocinar la paella. El flan esta preparado.

  13. Present tense of haber + past participle • When a past participle is used as an adjective, it agrees with the noun it modifies. • Unos menús escritos • Unas naranjas abiertas • Una copa rota

  14. Informal Commands • To as a friend to do or not to do something, use an informal command. • Use that form with anyone else you address as tú, such as someone your own age or someone with whom you have a close relationship. !No ladres al gato!

  15. Informal Commands • To form the affirmative tú command, use the present indicative tú form without the final –s. Present Indicative Affirmative tú com. • Cocinar cocinas cocina • Beber bebes bebe • Consumir consumes consume

  16. Informal Commands • For the negativetúcommand, use the negative usted command form and add the final –s. Negative usted com. Negative tú com. Prepararno prepare no prepares Comer no coma no comas Subir no suba no subas

  17. Informal Commands • Placement of object and reflexive pronouns with tú commands is de the same as with usted commands • Affirmative command Negative command • Prepárelo (usted). No lo prepare (usted) • Bébela (tú) No la bebas (tú)

  18. Informal Commands • The plural of túcommands in Spanish-speaking America is the ustedescommand • Cocina (tú) Cocinen (ustedes) • Bebe (tú) Beban (ustedes) • Sube (tú) Suban (ustedes)

  19. Informal Commands • Some –er and -ir verbs have shortened affirmative tú commands, but their negative command is regular • AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE Poner pon no pongas salir sal no salgas tener ten no tengas venir ven no vengas hacer haz no hagas decir di no digas ir ve no vayas ser sé no seas

  20. Informal Commands • Sal temprano si quieres llegar a tiempo (No salgas) • Ten paciencia con los niños • (No tengas)

  21. THE FUTURE TENSE • We have been using the present tense and ir a + infinitive to express future plans. Spanish also has a future tense, which is formed by adding the endings –é, -ás, -á, • -emos, -éis and –án to the infinitive. All verbs, -ar, -er, • -ir, regular or irregular, use these endings • Yo hablaré comeré viviré • Tú hablarás comerás vivirás • Ud., el, ella hablará comerá vivirá • Nosotros/as hablaremos comeremos viviremos • Vosotros/as hablaréis comeréis viviréis • Uds. Ellos/as hablarán comerán vivirán

  22. THE FUTURE TENSE Yo visitaré la mitad del mundo en verano Luis comeráen mi casa mañana Ellos vivirán en Miami el mes próximo

  23. THE FUTURE TENSE • Some verbs have irregular stems in the future tense and can be grouped into three categories according to the irregularity. • The first group drops the –e from the infinitive ending. • Irregular future GROUP 1 • Infinitive New Stem Future Forms • Poder podr- podre, podrás, podrá, podremos, podréis, podrán • Querer querr- querré, querrás, querrá, querremos, querréis querrán • Saber sabr- sabré, sabrás, sabrá, sabremos, sabréis, sabrán.

  24. THE FUTURE TENSE • The second group replaces the e or I of the infinitive ending with a –d • Irregular future Group 2 Poner pondr pondré, pondrás, pondrá, pondremos, pondréis, pondrán Salir saldr- saldré, saldrás, saldrá, saldremos, saldréis, saldrán Tener tendr- tendré, tendrás, tendrá, tendremos, tendréis, tendrán Venir vendr- vendré, vendrás, vendrá, vendremos, vendréis, vendrán

  25. THE FUTURE TENSE • The third group consists of two verbs that have completely different stems in the future tense. Irregular Future GROUP 3 Decir dir-diré, dirás, diré, diremos, diréis, dirán Hacer har- haré, harás, hará, haremos, haréis, harán.

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