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VIBRIO CHOLERAE

VIBRIO CHOLERAE. CHOLERA. CHARACTERISTICS. GRAM-NEGATIVE, COMMA SHAPED BACILLI MOTILE – POLAR FLAGELLA OXIDASE – POSITIVE CATALASE – POSITIVE ALKALNE PH ( 6.8 – 10.2) SELECTIVE MEDIA ( TCBS ) ALKALINE PEPTON WATER. ANTIGENICITY. SOMATIC – O ANTIGE VIRIO CHOLERAE O-1

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VIBRIO CHOLERAE

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  1. VIBRIO CHOLERAE CHOLERA

  2. CHARACTERISTICS • GRAM-NEGATIVE, COMMA SHAPED BACILLI • MOTILE – POLAR FLAGELLA • OXIDASE – POSITIVE • CATALASE – POSITIVE • ALKALNE PH ( 6.8 – 10.2) • SELECTIVE MEDIA ( TCBS ) • ALKALINE PEPTON WATER

  3. ANTIGENICITY • SOMATIC – O ANTIGE • VIRIO CHOLERAE O-1 • NON- O-1 V. CHOLERAE • V. CHOLERAE O-139 ( BENGAL) - 1992 • BIOTYPES: 2 • CLASSICAL (MORE SEVERE) • EL-TOR • SEROTYPES: 3 • INABA , OGAWA , HIKOJIMA

  4. HABITAT • HUMAN • MAIN SOURCE • NATURALLY • IN ACQUATIC ENVIRNMENT

  5. PATHOGENESIS • INGESTION OF CONTAMINATED DRINK WATER , FOOD • ID - 10 – 10 • MULTIPLY IN SMALL INTESTINE , ILEUM ENTEROTOXIN SIMILAR TO HLET OF E. COLI • ACTIVATE ADENYLATE CYCLASE CAMP FLUIDS , EECTROLYTES DIARRHOEA , VOMITING

  6. NO INTESTINAL INVASION • NO BACTEREMIA • NO SEPTICAEMIA • LESIONS ARE PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL

  7. CLINICAL PICTURE • INCUBATIN PERIOD (IP) • 1 – 4 DAYS • ACUTE ONSET • EFFORTLESS VOMITING • PROFUSE WATERY DIARRHOEA (RICE – WATER ) • RAPID DEHYDRATON (10 – 20 L/ DAY) • HYPOVOLAEMIC SHOCK - DEATH

  8. IMMUNITY • VERY SHORT • REINFECTIONS(REPEATED ATTACKS) ARE COMMON

  9. EPIDEMIOLOGY • HUMAN (ONLY HOST ) • POOR ENVIROMENTAL SANITATION • POOR WATER SUPPLY • CONTAMINATED WATER • INDIAN SUBCONTINENT,BANGLADESH • PANDEMICS - EL-TOR BIOTYPE • OUTBREAKS • EPIDEMICS ( PILGRIMAGES ) • EL- TOR PROLONGED CARRIAG (ENDEMIC INFECTION)

  10. LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS • SPECIMENS : • STOOLS • RECTAL SWAB • MICROSCOPY: • DARTING MOVEMENT • CULTURE : • TCBS ( YELLOW COLONIES) • ALKALINE PEPTONE WATER(6 – 8 h) • SEROLOGICAL IDENTIFICATION • SLID AGGLUTINATION FOR SEROTYPES

  11. TREATMENT • REHYDRATION • REPLACEMENT : FLUID , ELECTROLYTES • ANTIBIOTIC • TETRACYCLINE

  12. PREVENTIONCONTROL • PATIENTS • ISOLATION , TREATMENT • CONTACTS • PROPHYLAXIS (TETRACYCLINE) • WATER • PURE SUPPLY , PROPER TREATMENT • SEWAGE • PROPER DISPOSAL • HEALTH EDUCATION

  13. VACCIN • NO EFFECTIVE VACCINE AVAILABLE • KILLED (INJECTION) • LIVE ATTENUATED (ORAL) • REACTOGENIC • SHORT IMMUNITY

  14. V.PARAHAEMOLYTICUS • FOOD POISONING • SEA FOODS (RAW , UNDERCOOKED) • HALOPHILIC (NACL) • GROWS ON TCBS AGAR • (GREEN COLONIES) • TREATMENT : • REHYDRATION

  15. CAMPYLOBACTER • GRAM – NEGATIVE BACILLI • S- SHAPED (SPIRAL) • ACTIVELY MOTILE • OXIDASE POSITIVE • CATALASE POSITIVE • MICROAEROPHILIC ( 5 – 10% CO ) • NON CAPSULATED

  16. SPECIES • C.JEJUNI • MOST COMMON • THERMOPHILIC (42C – NOT 25C ) • HIPPURATE HYDROLYSIS + • SELECTIVE MEDIA (SKIRROW’S ) • C. COLI • C. FETUS • GROW AT 25 C

  17. DISEASES • ENTERITIS • 80 – 90% ( C. JEJUNI ) • C. COLI • SEPTICAEMIA , MENINGITIS,ENDOCAR. • C. FETUS • IMMUNOCOMPROMISED • EXTREME OF AGE

  18. SOURCE • INTESTINE OF BIRDS ( CHIKEN ) • DOMESTIC ANIMALS , CATTELE(BEEF) • UNPASTEURISED MILK • CONTAMINATED WATER

  19. CHARACTERISTICS • GRAM NEGATIVE SPIRAL SHAPED BACILLI • MICROAEROPHILIC • OXIDASE POSIIVE • UREASE POSITIVE

  20. PATHOGENESIS • INVASIVE DISEASE ( COLON ) – ID:100 • DYSENTERIC LIKE ILLNESS • BLLODY DIARROEA • FEVER • ABDOMINAL PAIN • WATERY DIARROEA (ENTERTOXIN) • ILEUM • SEPTICAEMIA (IMMUNOCOMPROMISED)

  21. TREATMENT • REHYDRATION • ELECTROLYTES • FLUIDS • ANTIBIOTIC : • ERYTHROMYCIN • CIPROFLOXACIN • GENTAMICIN ( SEPTICAEMIA )

  22. HALICOBACTER PYLORI

  23. HABITAT • GASTRIC MUCOSA ( MUCUS LAYER )

  24. TREATMENT • AMOXACILLIN • METRONIDAZOLE + BISMUTH SUBCITRATE FOR 1 - 2 WEEK OR • CLARITHROMYCIN + AMOXACILLIN + OMEPRAZOLE FOR 1 WEEK

  25. DISEASES • CHRONIC ACTIVE GASTRITIS • PEPTIC ULCER • ASSOCIATED WITH GASTRIC CARCINOMA • LYMPHOMA ( MALT )

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