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Vital Signs: Pulse and Respiration Measurement

Learn how to measure and assess pulse and respiration rates, as well as their normal ranges and abnormalities. Explore the different pulse sites and techniques for taking pulse and respiration measurements. Understand the factors that can affect pulse and respiration rates. Discover the importance of pulse oximetry and temperature measurement. Engage in hands-on activities to practice measuring pulse and respiration rates.

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Vital Signs: Pulse and Respiration Measurement

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  1. Agenda Bellwork – Math Minutes Class Lecture - Vital Signs Exit Ticket

  2. Vital Signs

  3. Pulse • The pressure of the blood pushing against the walls of the artery as the heart beats and rest • 3 things to note about each pulse: • Rate: how fast • Rhythm: regular or irregular • Volume: strong, weak

  4. 7 Pulse sites • Temporal- at the side of the head • Carotid- at the neck • Brachial- inner aspect of the forearm (antecubital space) • Radial- thumb side of the arm at the wrist

  5. Femoral- inner aspect of the upper thigh • Popliteal- behind the knee • Dorsalis Pedis- at the top of the foot

  6. Normal Pulses (per minute) • Adult: 60-100 • Children: 80-115 • Infant: (1 yr and under) 115-130

  7. Abnormal Pulse Terms • Bradycardia: slow heart rate (less than 60) • Tachycardia: fast heart rate (greater than 100) • Arrhythmia: abnormal heart rate

  8. Causes of changes in pulse • Increase pulse: • -exercise • -illness • -anxiety • Decrease pulse: • -high level of aerobic fitness • -depression • -sleep

  9. Apical pulse • Taken with a stethoscope • The actual heartbeat • Because children and infants usually have a high heart rate the apical pulse is used often to count their pulse • Two beats are heard like a lub-dup each lub-dup you hear is one heart beat.

  10. Activity: Find the following pulses on yourself: carotid and radial

  11. Stop – Exit Ticket • Label Pulse Points picture

  12. Activity • Take a radial and carotid pulse on someone. • Indicate the rate, rhythm, and volume • Example: • Carotid: 72 bpm, regular or irregular; strong, weak, bounding • Radial: same documentation

  13. Apical Pulse • Find apical pulse • Count and record reading

  14. Respiration • The process of taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide • One respiration is one breath in (inspiration) and one breath out (expiration)

  15. Adult average: 12-20 per min • Infant average 40 • Also note the character and rhythm of the respirations

  16. Character refers to the depth and quality of respirations. • EX: deep, shallow, labored, difficult.

  17. Rhythm the time between each breath. EX: Regular or Irregular

  18. Abnormal respiration • Dyspnea-difficult or labored breathing • Apnea-absence of respirations • Tachypnea-fast rate above 25 • Bradypnea-slow rate usually under 10

  19. Rales-bubbling or noisy sound caused by fluids in the lungs • Wheezing- high pitch whistling sound on expiration

  20. Causes of changes in respirations • Increase respiration: • -exercise • -anxiety • -pain • Decrease Respiration: • -relaxation • -depression • -head injury

  21. Cyanosis-a dusky, bluish discoloration that is result of decreased oxygen in the blood.

  22. Pulse Oximetry • Pulse Oximetry • Measures how much Oxygen is in your blood

  23. Exit Ticket 10-10-18 1. What can decrease respirations? a. relaxation b. depression c. head injury d. All of the above 2. Describe how you would obtain an adults apical pulse and calculate the heart rate.

  24. Counting Respirations • How to count: count after taking pulse so the person doesn’t realize you are taking it. • If they know you are taking respirations, they will alter the way they are breathing.

  25. Respiration and Pulse Lab • With a partner take each others pulse and respirations and record. You have 3 minutes to complete this

  26. Jog in place for 20 seconds • Now re take and record pulse and respirations. Is there a change?

  27. October 15Agenda • Math Minutes • Vitals ppt • Exit Ticket • Word Wall Axilla- Armpit, the area of the body under the arm Auscultation-The act of listening for sounds within the body Blood Pressure-Pressure of circulating blood against the walls of the arteries Bradycardia-Slow heart rate, usually below 60 beats a minute Bradypnea-Slow respiratory rate, usually below 10 respirations a minute

  28. Temperature • Measurement of body heat produced and body heat lost. • Heat is produced by: muscles, glands, and breaking down foods. • Heat is lost by: respiration, perspiration, and excretion.

  29. Hypothermia= low body temperature • Below 95°F • Fever (Pyrexia)= elevated body temperature • Not a fever unless greater than 100.5

  30. Things that can effect temp • Increase Temperature: • -illness • -infection • -exercise • -digestion of food • -anxiety • Decrease Temperature: • -fasting • -sleep • -decreased muscle activity • -exposure to cold

  31. Normal range of temperature 97-100°F (36.1-37.8°C) • Individual’s body temps can vary • Time of day affects temperature • Usually higher in the morning, lower at night

  32. Places to measure Temperature • Oral: under the tongue, most common • Ear (tympanic) • Fast, easy, and safe • Used especially with children and babies

  33. Places to measure Temperature • Rectal 1. most accurate 2. use in children under the age of 6 • Armpit (axillary) • Least accurate site • Place between the arm and side of body

  34. Electronic Thermometers • Most common now • Registers temperature in a few seconds

  35. Mercury Thermometer • Not widely used for human temps anymore • Each line is 2 degrees

  36. Converting between Fahrenheit and Celsius • Most thermometers display reading in Fahrenheit • F = ( C x 1.8 ) + 32 • C = ( F – 32 ) / 1.8

  37. Practice these conversions 37.2 C = ? F 101.6 F = ? C 96 F = ? C 41 C = ? F

  38. Temperature Conversion Sheet • Exit Ticket -10-15-18

  39. Blood Pressure • A measurement of the pressure that the blood exerts on the walls of the arteries during the various stages of heart activity.

  40. Two types of blood pressure • Systolic-greatest force exerted on walls of the arteries when heart beats • Diastolic- the least force (constant pressure) on the walls of arteries when heart relaxes.

  41. BP is measured in millimeters of mercury. • Normal BP is 100-140 • 60-80 • systolic is always the top # • diastolic is the bottom #

  42. Abnormal BP • Hypertension-high bp > 140/80 • Hypotension-low bp < 100/60

  43. What is needed to take BP? • Sphygmomanometer- device used to measure blood pressure • Stethoscope

  44. Things that could effect BP • Increase BP: • -exercise • -eating • -stimulants (medicine, coffee) • -anxiety • Decrease BP: • -hemorrhage • -inactivity • -fasting • -depression

  45. Taking a Blood Pressure • 1. Place cuff 1in – 1 ½ in above antecubital space. • 2. Pump cuff up to around 160 • 3.Slowly deflate cuff listening for the first beat (systolic reading). Note the number on the meter. • 4. Continue listening until you hear the last beat ( diastolic reading) and note the number on the meter.

  46. Recording Blood Pressure • Blood pressure is recorded as systolic diastolic

  47. BP Demonstration • Listening audio • Manual demonstration

  48. BP Practice Sheet

  49. Reading Sphygmomanometer Sheet

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