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JAA Safety Strategy Initiative An Update at the 19 th FAA/JAA Annual Conference

JAA Safety Strategy Initiative An Update at the 19 th FAA/JAA Annual Conference. JSSI: FRAMEWORK. Aim for safety Focused safety agenda with deliverables Partnership; cooperation; communications Two complementary structured approaches: An Historic one and a Predictive one

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JAA Safety Strategy Initiative An Update at the 19 th FAA/JAA Annual Conference

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  1. JAA Safety Strategy InitiativeAn Update at the 19th FAA/JAA Annual Conference

  2. JSSI: FRAMEWORK • Aim for safety • Focused safety agenda with deliverables • Partnership; cooperation; communications • Two complementary structured approaches: • An Historic one and a Predictive one • Implementation is key for success

  3. HISTORIC APPROACH • Controlled flight into terrain* • Approach and landing* • Loss of control* • Design related • Weather* • Occupant safety and Survivability • Runways safety* * common with CAST

  4. Future Aviation Safety Team • Methodology: from changes to hazards and interventions. • Around 150 changes (AOC) affecting the Aviation identified. • Top 20 changes identified • Top 1: Flight deck Automation (AOC AC-13)

  5. JSSI Update Design RelatedFinal report delivered on January 17 and it includes: • 2 Terms of Reference for Harmonisation : • Tyre/wheel burst. • Certification/ Maintenance Interface* • One proposal to further investigate the concept of “Deep Treatment of Anomalies/Precursors”* * JSSI propose to co-operate with CPS follow-up

  6. JSSI Update Occupant Safety and SurvivabilityFinal report in September 2002 with recommendations on: • Unruly Passengers • Quality of Cargo Handling • Crew Training/Crew Drills; Cabin Crew/Passenger Communication; Effectiveness of Seat Belts; Seat/Floor Attachment • Holistic Approach to Evacuation • Research Proposals : On Board Load and Balance System; Smoking in Toilets; Framework for Data Exchange

  7. JSSI Update: Action Plan Team CFIT/ Approach and Landing/ Loss of Control • 8 Action Plans agreed for CFIT and 5 for Approach and landing • Started to draft Loss of Control Action Plans • Note: All Action Plans are based on those from CAST and adapted to European needs/context

  8. JSSI Update • Weather: • Starting September 2002 • JSSI will do its best to participate into the CAST Joint Safety Analysis Team. • Icing is one main element

  9. Runway Safety JOINT Task Force of JAA, EUROCONTROL, ICAO-Europe AND GASR: • Safety letter: published • Anonymous Questionnaires: sent to pilots and to Air Traffic Controllers. • Interviews: started with selected airports and airlines • Three sub-groups: ATC and Pilot procedures and training; Airport issues; ATM situation Awareness. • Workshop planned 09./10. September 2002

  10. Future Aviation Safety Team (FAST) Process Flow Areas of Change Affecting the Aviation System (determined via AHP) Top Twenty AoC’s (List A) #1 AoC Crew Reliance On Cockpit Automation List of Affected ATA Items Interaction Assessment AC13 against 157 AoC’s extract INTERNAL Expert Opinion Brainstorming on AC13 4 Safety Themes EXTERNAL vote vote watch list watch list Aviation Community Questionnaires Top 23 ATA Items (List B) Top 22 Interactions (List C) merge Inputs from Outside groups AECMA, avionics manufacturers, Etc. Standard Questions Validation Process merge Virtual Aircraft no watch list FUTURE HAZARDS LIST yes INTERVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS

  11. Description of Expected Output from FAST Ad- Hoc Cockpit Automation Team (1) • The FAST AC13 ad hoc team was created in order to: • Provide customers with a clear and understandable series of safety considerations regarding flight deck automation in the near and mid-term future. • Develop methodology for subsequent FAST ad hoc teams and validating the concepts and methodologies during previous core-team meetings.

  12. Description of Expected Output from FAST Ad- Hoc Cockpit Automation Team (2) • The AC13 team results may be used in order to: • Create guidelines and certification regulation for future cockpit automation design. • Evaluate whether the FAST concept should be continued and/or changed based on cost/effectiveness and value of results.

  13. JSSI Update • Future Aviation Safety Team: • Analysis of Situational Awareness displays: • Importance of interactions • Development of questionnaires • Revised methodology • Next steps: • Analysis of CRM issues arising from “Automation” • Analysis of Flight Management Systems

  14. JSSI: General (1) • Need for prioritisation: • Resources a critical for success • First Step: Divisions/Sectorial teams to use their judgement. Results of CAST prioritisation will be made available with a caveat. • Second Step: JSSI propose to CAST to define its priorities by applying its methodology to accidents world-wide

  15. JSSI: General (2) • Development of JSSI future work • programme: just started. • Some suggestions: • Monitor implementation of existing work. • Lessons-learned on JSSI operation • Evaluation of FAST • Identification and evaluation of a new set of focus areas

  16. JSSI: Conclusion • Structured activity to define focused safety agenda. Fully integrated with US activities.ICAO and FSF informed. • Included in JAA Business Plan. • Your co-operation is needed and welcome

  17. JSSI: Abbreviations • CAST: Commercial Aviation Safety Team (US) • FSF: Flight Safety Foundation. • ICAO: International Civil Aviation Organisation • AHP: Analytical Hierarchy Process • CPS: Commercial Airplane Certification Study • AOC: Area of Change • CRM: Crew Resources Management

  18. LIST A: FAST Top 6 Areas of Change Affecting Aviation

  19. List A (con’t) : FAST Top 7 - 13 Areas of Change

  20. List A (end): FAST Top 14 - 20 Areas of Change

  21. List B: Top 23 AC-13 items Cumulative Voting Results Alternative Votes [31] CRM issues arising from "Automation" 24 [34] Flight management systems 22 [34] Situational awareness display 15 [34] CNS-ATM (Free Flight) 13 [22] Fully automated flight 13 [34] Terrain recognition and navigation system 12 [34] GNSS (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo) 9 [34] CNS-ATM (RNAV) 8 [4] Take-off & Landing 7 [34] GPWS/EGPWS including auto obstacle avoidance 7 [27] Adv. systems mgmt controls (Cursor, Voice, Thought, etc.) 7

  22. List B (end): Top 23 AC-13 items [4] Take-off Performance Monitor System 6 [31] Prioritization of alerts 6 [23] Auto Comm between air/ground 6 [34] TCAS, ASAS - 3D&4D 5 [27] APFCID (Cursor control, etc.) 5 [27] Envelope protection 4 [27] Adaptive systems/Smart systems 4 [28] Auto CG mgmt 4 [27] APFCID (Thought control, etc.) 3 [30] Auto revision of stall detection limits 0 [34] TCAS - 2D 0 [27] APFCID (Voice control, etc.) 0 180

  23. List C: Top 22 Interactions with AC-13 • ANS 1:INTRODUCTION OF NEW CONCEPT FOR AIRSPACE MANAGEMENT (List A item) • ANS 7: INTRODUCTION OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES WITH UNFORESEEN HUMAN FACTORS ASPECTS (List A item) • AC 10: VARIATION OF SOPHISTICATION OF HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE WITHIN AN INDIVIDUAL AIRCRAFT TYPE (List A item) • ANS 19: COMPLEX INTERACTIONS AMONG HIGHLY AUTOMATED GROUND-BASED AND FLIGHT-DECK SYSTEMS

  24. List C (Cont’d): Top 22 Interactions with AC-13 • C5:WIDENING GAP BETWEEN SKILLS, ABILITIES AND ATTITUDE TOWARD TECHNOLOGY AND AUTOMATION AMONG FUTURE CREW MEMBERS AND DESIGN PHILOSOPHIES USED IN THE PAST FOR DEVELOPMENT OF CURRENT AIRCRAFT. • C3:INCREASING AMOUNT OF INFORMATION AVAILABLE TO FLIGHT CREW. • AC 12:PRESSURE FOR STANDARDISATION IN COCKPIT CONTROLS,DISPLAYS AND AUTOMATED SYSTEMS INTERFACE AMONG AIRCRAFT (List A item)

  25. List C (Cont’d): Top 22 Interactions with AC-13 • AC 11:PROLIFERATION OF HETEROGENEOUS AIRCRAFT WITH WIDELY-VARYING EQUIPMENT AND CAPABILITIES (List A Item) • ANS 21:DISCREPANCIES IN THE PACE AND DIRECTION OF DEVELOPMENT OF GROUND VS.IN-FLIGHT CNS SYSTEMS (List A Item) • C8:LOSS OF AVERAGE PILOT AIRMANSHIP QUALITIES • ANS 20: INTRODUCTION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE • ANS 5:DECREASED SEPARATION STANDARDS

  26. List C (Con’t): Top 22 Interactions with AC-13 • OPL: REQUIREMENT FOR PERFORMANCE VALIDATION AND SELF CHECK OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS • AC 4:INTRODUCTION OF NEW DESIGN CONCEPTS IN GENERAL AVIATION • E 6:OBSOLESCENCE OF HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE SYSTEMS IN USE BOTH ON THE GROUND AND IN THE AIR AS WELL AS SPACE-BASED SYSTEMS • E 8: USE OF COMMERCIAL OFF THE SHELF (COTS) PRODUCTS IN AVIATION

  27. List C (Cont’d): Top 22 Interactions with AC-13 • MRO9:AGEING AVIONICS, POWERPLANT, ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURE • AC 1: INTRODUCTION OF NEW AIRCRAFT TYPES • OP 3:INTRODUCTION OF REGIONAL JETS WITH POSSIBLY MORE ADVANCED AVIONICS IN TODAY OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

  28. List C (End): Top 22 Interactions with AC-13 • E 9: RAPID PACE OF SOFTWARE AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT • E 20: : VULNERABILITY OF DATA LINKS TO SECURITY BREACHES AND/OR TRANSMISSION FAILURES • AC 19:NEW HIGHER ENERGY PROPULSION AND CONTROL SYSTEMS

  29. LIST D: Standard questions • What are the hazards related to [Lifeware-Software-Hardware-Environment] within the item/system? • What are the hazards derived from the interrelationships between [Lifeware-Software-Hardware-Environment] ? • Are assumptions that were made for [Lifeware-Software-Hardware-Environment] still current or have changes impacted those assumptions? • Are there “relevant actors” who are unaware of system changes?

  30. List D: Definitions 1. Lifeware = Human, i.e., pilot, maintenance technician, design engineer 2. Software = Anything not physical, i.e., traditional computer software, procedures, training 3. Hardware = Actual devices, something physical 4. Environment = Social, working, managerial context

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