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How Weather Works

How Weather Works. Who knows what weather is?. Who knows what meteorologists do?. What Is A Meteorologist?. Meteorology is the study of the movement of air around and above us (the atmosphere!)

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How Weather Works

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  1. How Weather Works

  2. Who knows what weather is?

  3. Who knows what meteorologists do?

  4. What Is A Meteorologist? • Meteorology is the study of the movement of air around and above us (the atmosphere!) • Aristotle is considered the father of meteorology and wrote the first major book on it in 340 B.C., 2,349 year ago! • Benjamin Franklin • We study weather to predict what it will do next so we can keep people informed and safe!

  5. Layers Of The Atmosphere • Thermosphere - Where space shuttles orbit • Mesosphere - Where meteors burn up • Stratosphere- - - Where the ozone layer is • Troposphere - - Where all of our weather happens

  6. Weather And Energy

  7. Weather And Energy • The sun causes all our weather because it heats the earth unevenly (warm equator, cold poles) • This uneven heating causes the atmosphere (air around us) to act like a huge engine trying to move all of the heat to the right places.

  8. Weather And Energy • This engine keeps warm and cold air moving which is what creates wind! Warm air likes rising and cold air rushes in to takes its place. • The engine also causes moisture to lift upward which creates clouds, storms, lightning, and even tornados!

  9. Water cycle

  10. Who knows… • What the 4 seasons are? • Why we have the 4 seasons?

  11. seasons

  12. Who knows what a thunderstorm is?

  13. What Makes A Storm Storms need 3 ingredients to be created: • Instability – The sun • Lift – Cold Air • Moisture – Water in the air

  14. Parts Of A Storm • Cumulus clouds (Puffy/Cauliflower Clouds) • Cumulonimbus clouds - storm making clouds • They can reach up to 55,000 feet in the air, or the same level air planes fly!

  15. Parts Of A Storm • Updraft - where all the moisture is pulled up into the cloud

  16. Parts Of A Storm • Downdraft – where all the rain falls out of a cloud

  17. Where Does Lightning Come From? • Lightning is electricity that is created when all of the ice crystal, water droplets, and hail in a big storm run into each other. • All this moving around creates a negative and positive charge to the cloud • The different “charges” • on the ground start to • separate because opposite • charges attract

  18. Where Does Lightning Come From? • When there are enough of the same charges all together, lightning happens! • Lightning bolts are extremely hot, with temperatures of 30,000 to 50,000 degrees F. • That’s hotter than the surface of the sun! • Lightning moves about 75 miles per second! • Every second, about 100 lightning bolts are happening all over the Earth!

  19. Staying Safe With Lightning • The 30 Rule: If the time it takes to hear thunder after seeing lightning is less than 30 seconds; it’s time to go inside! Lightning can travel up to 10 miles away from the cloud it comes from. • Lightning likes tall objects, so make sure you are low to the ground if you are outside when a storm is coming and be sure to stay away from tall objects like trees!

  20. The safest place when thunderstorms and lightening are near is inside a building, such as a house or school, and away from windows. • Inside a car or school bus are also a safe place if a building is not near. • You also do not want to use corded phones or take a shower or bath in an electrical storm either. Lightening can travel through wires and metal pipes.

  21. What Is Hail? • The top of a cloud is very cold! When raindrops are pushed very high in a big storm they can freeze and start making hail!

  22. What Is Hail? • The largest piece of hail ever recorded weighed nearly 2 pounds and was almost as big as a soccer ball! • Hail can fall at over 100 mph!

  23. Heavy Rain and Floods

  24. Supercells And Tornados

  25. What Is A Supercell? • Supercells are huge thunderstorms where the updraft turns in a circle. It does this because of shear • Shear - wind coming from different directions and speeds as you move higher in the sky.

  26. Parts Of A Supercell

  27. Supercell Pictures Mammatus clouds Anvil Cloud Wall Cloud

  28. Where Do Tornados Come From? • Tornados are the end of the big spinning updraft in a supercell reaching the Earth

  29. Tornado Facts • They can spin around at over 300 miles per hour and move forward at 60 miles per hour! • Tornados can be over 2 miles wide! • What to listen for on the radio and T.V. • TORNADO WATCH: Tornadoes are possible in your area. Remain alert for approaching storms. • TORNADO WARNING: A tornado has been sighted or indicated by weather radar. If a tornado warning is issued for your area and the sky becomes threatening, move to your place of safety like a basement or room in the middle of your house.

  30. Inside Of A Tornado

  31. Forecasting • Radar • Satellite • Surface Observations • Computer Models • Knowledge

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