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Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, Second Edition

Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, Second Edition. Chapter 3 Linux Installation and Usage. Objectives. Install Red Hat Fedora Linux using good practices Outline the structure of the Linux interface Enter basic shell commands and find command documentation

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Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, Second Edition

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  1. Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, Second Edition Chapter 3 Linux Installation and Usage

  2. Objectives • Install Red Hat Fedora Linux using good practices • Outline the structure of the Linux interface • Enter basic shell commands and find command documentation • Properly shut down the Linux operating system Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  3. Installing Linux: Installation Methods • FTP server • HTTP Web server • NFS server • SMB server • Virtual Network Computing (VNC) server • Packages on hard disk Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  4. Performing the Installation: Starting the Installation • Boot from first Red Hat Fedora Linux CD-ROM • Largest problem is initiating a graphical installation • Disable framebuffer • Framebuffer: Abstract representation of video adapter card hardware • Instead of direct communication with video adapter Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  5. Performing the Installation: Starting the Installation (continued) Figure 3-1: Beginning a Red Hat installation Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  6. Performing the Installation: Starting the Installation (continued) • Press F2 at Welcome screen to get installation options • Check media for errors prior to installation • Optional, but recommended Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  7. Performing the Installation: Starting the Installation (continued) Figure 3-2: Viewing installation options Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  8. Choosing the Language, Keyboard, Mouse, and Monitor • Keyboard model and layout automatically detected • Check “Emulate 3 Button” if mouse does not have third button • Most monitors automatically detected • If not, try to locate on list of monitor models or use generic model with correct horizontal and vertical sync • Incorrect monitor settings can damage monitor Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  9. Choosing the Language, Keyboard, Mouse, and Monitor (continued) Figure 3-4: Selecting an installation language Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  10. Choosing the Language, Keyboard, Mouse, and Monitor (continued) Figure 3-5: Verifying keyboard configuration Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  11. Choosing the Language, Keyboard, Mouse, and Monitor (continued) Figure 3-6: Selecting a mouse type Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  12. Choosing the Language, Keyboard, Mouse, and Monitor (continued) Figure 3-7: Verifying monitor configuration Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  13. Specifying the Installation Type • Personal Desktop • GUI environment and common applications • Workstation • Same as Personal Desktop plus administrative and network tools • Server • Several server services • Custom Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  14. Specifying the Installation Type (continued) Figure 3-8: Choosing an installation type Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  15. Hard Disk Partitioning • Filesystems can be accessed if attached (mounted) to a directory • Minimum of two partitions • Partition for root directory • Partition for virtual memory (swap memory) • Area on hard disk used to store information normally residing in physical memory (RAM) • Automatic or manual partitioning Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  16. Hard Disk Partitioning (continued) Table 3-1: Common Linux filesystems and sizes Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  17. Hard Disk Partitioning (continued) Figure 3-9: Choosing a disk partitioning method Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  18. Hard Disk Partitioning (continued) • Different types of filesystems • Ext2: Used on most Linux computers • Ext3: Performs journaling • Vfat: Compatible with Windows’ FAT filesystem • REISER: Performs journaling • Journaling: Keeps track of the information written to the hard drive • Disk Druid: Graphical partitioning program Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  19. Hard Disk Partitioning (continued) Figure 3-10: The Disk Druid partitioning utility Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  20. Hard Disk Partitioning (continued) Figure 3-11: Creating a new partition Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  21. Configuring the Boot Loader • Boot loader: Program started by BIOS ROM • Loads kernel into memory • Can also boot other existing OSs • GRand Unified Bootloader (GRUB): Boot loader configured during Fedora Linux installation • Dual booting: Choose OS to boot at startup Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  22. Configuring the Boot Loader (continued) Figure 3-12: Configuring a boot loader Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  23. Configuring the Boot Loader (continued) • Boot loader usually resides on the MBR or on first sector of / or /boot partition • Kernel parameters: Information passed to Linux kernel via the boot loader • Large Block Addressing 32-bit (LBA32): Enables Large Block Addressing in boot loader • For large hard disks not fully supported by the BIOS Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  24. Configuring the Boot Loader (continued) Figure 3-13: Configuring advanced boot loader options Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  25. Configuring the Network and Firewall Figure 3-14: Specifying a network configuration Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  26. Configuring the Network and Firewall (continued) • Will NIC be activated at boot time? • Manual IP configuration • Set IP address, Netmask, host name, gateway, primary domain name space (DNS) • Automatic IP configuration via DHCP • Firewall prevents traffic from entering computer • Customize which traffic is allowed through Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  27. Configuring the Network and Firewall (continued) Figure 3-15: Configuring a firewall Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  28. Choosing a System Language and Time Zone Figure 3-16: Selecting additional language support Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  29. Choosing a System Language and Time Zone (continued) Figure 3-17: Choosing a time zone Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  30. Creating the Root User • Authentication: Users log in via valid user name and password • Configure two user accounts • Administrator account (root) • Full rights to system • Regular user account Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  31. Creating the Root User (continued) Figure 3-18: Setting a root password Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  32. Selecting Packages Figure 3-19: Selecting packages Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  33. Installing Packages Figure 3-19: Package Installation Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  34. Completing the Firstboot Wizard • Complete the installation • License agreement • Graphics settings • User accounts and authentication • Install additional software • Log in with user account for daily tasks • Shadow password: stored in separate DB from user accounts • MD5: password encryption method Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  35. Completing the Firstboot Wizard (continued) Figure 3-22: Setting the date and time Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  36. Completing the Firstboot Wizard (continued) Figure 3-23: Configuring screen resolution and color depth Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  37. Completing the Firstboot Wizard (continued) Figure 3-24: Creating a regular user account Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  38. Completing the Firstboot Wizard (continued) Figure 3-25: Configuring user information Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  39. Completing the Firstboot Wizard (continued) Figure 3-26: Configuring authentication Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  40. Basic Linux Language: Shells, Terminals, and the Kernel • Terminal: Channel allowing users to log on to the kernel locally or across a network • Shell: Transfers user input to kernel • BASH Shell (Bourne Again Shell): Default Linux shell • Command line shell • Linux allows multiple terminals, each with its own shell Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  41. Basic Linux Language: Shells, Terminals, and the Kernel (continued) Figure 3-27: Shells, terminals, and the kernel Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  42. Basic Linux Language: Shells, Terminals, and the Kernel (continued) • Graphical Interface • Start GUI environment on top of BASH shell o • Or, switch to a graphical terminal • e.g., GNOME Display Manager (gdm) • From the local server, use key combinations to change to separate terminal • Command-line terminal may be accessed from GUI environment • Command prompt: • Root user: # • Regular user: $ Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  43. Basic Linux Language: Shells, Terminals, and the Kernel (continued) Table 3-2: Common Linux terminals Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  44. Basic Linux Language: Shells, Terminals, and the Kernel (continued) Figure 3-29: Accessing a command-line terminal in a GUI environment Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  45. Basic Shell Commands • Commands: Indicate name of program to execute • Case sensitive • Options: Specific letters starting with “-” appearing after command name • Alter way command works • Arguments: Specify a command’s working parameters Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  46. Basic Shell Commands (continued) Table 3-3: Some Common Linux commands Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  47. Shell Metacharacters • Metacharacters: Characters with a special meaning • e.g., $ • Refers to a variable Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  48. Shell Metacharacters (continued) Table 3-4: Common BASH Shell metacharacters Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  49. Getting Command Help • Linux distributions contain many commands • Manual pages: Most common form of documentation for Linux commands • “man” pages • At command prompt, type “man” followed by a command name • Contain different sections • Info pages: Set of local, easy-to-read command syntax documentation • At command prompt, type “info” followed by a command name Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  50. Getting Command Help (continued) Table 3-5: Manual page section numbers Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

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