Unit 4 Part 1 Articles of Confederation

1. Unit 4 Part 1Articles of Confederation The student will demonstrate knowledge of the political philosophies that shaped the development of United States constitutional government SSCG1

2. Remember… Declaration signed in 1776 Revolutionary War fought (France helped Americans) British are defeated Now we must set up our government…

3. Articles of Confederation • In 1777 a committee appointed by congress presented a plan called the Articles of Confederation. • Continued the structure and operation of gov’t as established under the Second Continental Congress • The Articles of Confederation called for a unicameral or single chamber, which they called Congress. • The Articles gave each state one vote in congress.

4. The states wanted a confederation, or “league of friendship” among the 13 independent states rather than a strong national government. • By March 1781 all 13 colonies had ratified the Articles of Confederation

5. Government under the Articles • Congress had only these powers: • 1)      Make war and peace • 2)      Send and receive ambassadors • 3)      Enter into treaties • 4)      Raise and equip a navy • 5)      Maintain an army by requesting troops from the states

6. 6)      Appoint senior military officers • 7)      Fix standing of weights and measures • 8)      Regulate Indian affairs • 9)      Establish post offices • 10)    Decide certain disputes among states

7. Unit 4 Part 2 Strengths and Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

8. What the A of C accomplished: • **establishment of a fair policy for the development of the lands west of the Appalachians. • The North – West ordinance of 1787 established the principal that the territories were to be developed for statehood on an equal basis with the older states. • The Articles established a peace treaty with Great Britain signed in 1783. • New land was acquired to Miss. River, up to Great Lakes, and down to FL border

9. Weaknesses of the Articles: • Congress could not levy taxes or regulate trade • Congress could not compel a state to obey its decisions • Laws needed approval of 9/13 states • Amending, or changing the Articles, required the consent of every state, and unanimous agreement on any issue did not exist. • No executive branch • No court system

10. Need a Stronger Gov’t • After the war the states began to quarrel over boundary lines and tariffs. • The new nation had money problems: The government owed 40 million to foreign governments and to American soldiers sill unpaid after the Revolutionary War. • By 1786 America was in an economic depression • This would lead to Shays’s Rebellion

11. Shays’s Rebellion - 1787 Massachusetts government tried to foreclose on farms and jailed many for debt Former solider Daniel Shays led farmers against Massachusetts Militia and took over court house and freed the prisoners. Massachusetts called for national government to help. Government requested troops from other states…no one would help

12. Shays’s Rebellion Massachusetts Militia finally put down rebellion Shays’s rebellion showed the states the need to address the weaknesses of the AoC

14. Please turn to pg. 49 On a vocab card, please write down the 13 states On a separate card, please write down the powers of the sovereign states (inside the states in red) and label the card “States’ powers under the Articles of Confederation”

15. 1-20 Due last Wednesday • Ratify 2.3 • Unicameral 2.3 • Cede 2.3 • Northwest Ordinance of 1787 2.3 • Shay’s Rebellion (simplify) 2.3 • Preamble (to Constitution) 3.1 • Article 3.1 • Supremacy clause 3.1 • Amendment 3.1 • Bill of Rights 3.1 • Popular sovereignty 3.1 • Federalism 3.1 • Separation of powers 3.1 • Checks and balances 3.1 • Veto 3.1 16. Judicial review 3.1 17. Expressed powers 3.2 18. Enumerated powers 3.2 19. Elastic clause 3.2 20. Federal bureaucracy 3.2 21. Petition 3.3 22. Impeach 3.3 23. Treaty 3.3 24. Executive agreement 3.3 25. Judicial restraint 3.3 26. Judicial activism 3.3 27. Prior Restraint 3.4 28. Probable cause 3.4 • Search warrant 3.4 • Arrest warrant 3.4 • Due process of law 3.4 • Delegated powers 4.1 • Expressed powers 4.1 • Implied powers 4.1 • Inherent powers 4.1 • Reserved powers 4.1 • Concurrent powers 4.1

16. 0 Origins of American Government Unit 4 Section 3: The Constitutional Convention

17. 0 The Constitutional Convention • Delegates from 12 states attended the Constitutional Convention. • Delegates originally wanted to revise the Article of confederation, but soon saw it needed to be completely rewritten • All favored limited and representative government, separation of powers between legislative, executive, and judicial branches, and a stronger national government.

18. 0  The Virginia Plan • They first considered the Virginia Plan, which had three components: • A bicameral (two – chamber) congress (legislature) based on population - with the power to declare state laws unconstitutional • A strong executive chosen by the legislature • A national judiciary chosen by the legislature

19. 0 The New Jersey Plan • The small states fearing domination by the large states, introduced the New Jersey Plan. • The New Jersey Plan: • Has unicameral legislature based on equality~ One vote per state legislature but gave the power to tax and regulate trade. • Created a weak executive and national courts with limited powers

20. 0 The Convention and compromise • The Convention deadlocked over representation. Small states wanted equal representation regardless of population. • The Connecticut Compromise broke the stalemate on representation. It called for a Senate based on equality with two members from each state; and a House of Representatives based on the population of the state.

21. 0 Connecticut Compromise • The larger the pop. = more reps; the smaller populations = fewer representatives. • All revenue laws (those concerning spending and taxing) would originate in the House of Representatives.

22. 0 More compromises… • Debates over slavery and commerce led to more compromise. • Southern states wanted enslaved persons to count for representation, but not for taxation. • Northern states called for representation with taxation. Under the Three-Fifths Compromise, 3/5 of enslaved people would be counted for both for taxation and representation.

23. 0 The Convention • To satisfy the divided interests of the North and the South, the delegates agreed that Congress would ban the slave trade in 1808. • They gave Congress the power to regulate foreign and interstate commerce (or trade among the states.)

24. Get your 21-37 cards out I am going to give you 2 handouts… Please complete the graphic organizer based on your notes

25. Unit 4 Part 4 Ratifying the Constitution

26. 0 The Convention • In September 1787 the delegates sent the Constitution to the states for ratification. • For the new constitution to take effect nine of the thirteen states had to approve it. The debate divided the public. • Supporters of the Constitution = the Federalists, argued that only a strong national government could protect the nation from enemies and solve its internal problems. • The Opponents of the Constitution = Anti Federalists, feared a strong central government. They warned that without the protections of a Bill of Rights, the government could take away liberties won in the Revolution.

27. The Federalist Papers The Federalist Papers were written and published during the years 1787 and 1788 Used to persuade New York voters to ratify the proposed constitution. 85 essays outlining how this new government would operate and why this type of government was the best choice for the United States of America

29. The Federalist Papers Alexander Hamilton wrote 52, James Madison wrote 28, and John Jay contributed the remaining five.

30. 0 The Convention • The Federalists promised that the new government would immediately add a Bill of Rights to the Constitution. This promise turned the tide in their favor. On June 21, 1788, New Hampshire became the ninth state to ratify, and the Constitution went into effect. • By 1790 the new Constitution had the unanimous approval of the thirteen United States of America. It would continue to be the law of the land as the United States spread across the North American continent.