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Chapter 8.1

Chapter 8.1. Independence for Latin America. Revolutionary Ideas Spread. Ideas of American Revolution and French Revolution inspire colonists in Latin America Social classes (highest to lowest): Peninsulares – people born in Spain Creoles – Spaniards born in Latin America Mestizo

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Chapter 8.1

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  1. Chapter 8.1 Independence for Latin America

  2. Revolutionary Ideas Spread • Ideas of American Revolution and French Revolution inspire colonists in Latin America • Social classes (highest to lowest): • Peninsulares – people born in Spain • Creoles – Spaniards born in Latin America • Mestizo • Mulatto – people w/European and African heritage • African slaves • Native Indians

  3. Revolutionary Ideas Spread • Only peninsulares could be gvt. officials • Creoles could be officers in military • St. Domingue = 1st free Latin American colony (1804) • Toussaint L’Ouverture (former slave) leads slave revolt • After victory, country’s name changed to Haiti

  4. Creoles Lead Independence • Napoleon’s installation of his brother as king of Spain inspires further change • Creoles would support Spanish king but not king put on throne by the French • Creoles refer to Locke’s ideas of government • What were Locke’s ideas? • Government comes from the consent of the people • When a new king was named the people had a right to revolt because the people didn’t want it

  5. Creoles Lead Independence • Simon Bolivar leads independence from Venezuela (takes 10 yrs. from 1811-1821) • Defeats Spanish army in Columbia then marches to Ecuador – meets up with Jose de San Martin • Jose de San Martin leads independence of Argentina (1816) then brings army to Chile to free it (1817). • San Martin meets up with Bolivar and both armies march to Peru and defeat the Spanish (1824)

  6. Mexican Independence • Miguel Hidalgo – priest who begins call for Mexican independence • Hidalgo leads march of 80,000 to Mexico City (1810) • Spanish creoles & army defeat Hidalgo • Mexican creoles worried about losing privileges when liberal leaders rule Spain – creoles and poor unite (1820) • Region of present-day Nicaragua, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Costa Rica declare independence from Mexico in 1823

  7. Brazil’s Independence • Napoleon wants to prevent Britain from trading with Portugal • King John & family go into exile in Brazil (1807) • 1821 King John returns to Portugal – his son, Dom Pedro stays in Brazil • King John wants to make Brazil a colony again • Brazilians protest and request independence and want Dom Pedro to be ruler • Brazil gains independence in bloodless revolution in 1822

  8. Map of Latin America

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