Lesson 15 – Unit 6

1. Lesson 15 – Unit 6 Mgr. Erika Konupčíková

2. Markings– What do theymean?

3. reason - příčina as, since,for,because, because of, due to • Since the weather was bad, the plane was delayed. • As the weather was bad, the plane was delayed. • For the weather was bad, the plane was delayed. • The plane was delayed because the weather was bad. • The plane was delayed because ofbad weather. • The plane was delayed due to bad weather. • After due to and because of we use noun, pronoun, or –ing form.

4. contrast, concession- přípustka • but, and yet, but yet, yet, although, though, in spite of, despite • The load wasn’t secured properly, but it arrived intact. • The load wasn’t secured properly, and yet it arrived intact. • The load wasn’t secured properly, yet it arrived intact. • Although the load wasn’t secured properly, it arrived intact. • The load wasn’t secured properly. It arrived intact though. • In spite ofthe fact that the load wasn’t secured properly, it arrived intact. • Despitethe fact that the load wasn’t secured properly, it arrived intact. • After in spite of /despite we use noun, pronoun, or –ing form. • In spite of the problems, she managed to finishthe project. • In spite of what I told him, he came late. • In spite of my warning him, he came late.

5. Result, consequence - důsledek So, therefore, as a result, the result was • There was strike at the airport, so the consignment wasn’t loaded. • There was strike at the airport, therefore the consignment wasn’t loaded. • There was strike at the airport. As a result, the consignment wasn’t loaded. • There was strike at the airport. The result was that the consignment wasn’t loaded.

6. Modify the sentences according to the conjunction suggested: I’m afraid we cannot deliver the parts on time. We cannot deliver on time, because the grinding machine is broken. 1. _________________________________ because of ______________________________. 2. _________________________________ due to __________________________________. 3. As ______________________________________________________________________. The grinding machine is broken although it is quite new. 4. _________________________________ and yet _________________________________. 5. In spite of ________________________________________________________________. 6. _________________________________ but_____________________________________. 7. __________________________________. ________________________________ though. We cannot deliver on time, so we offer you a discount. 8. ________________________________ therefore _________________________________. 9. ________________________________. As a result, ______________________________.