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THE Russian Revolution

THE Russian Revolution. Czar Nicholas II. Romanov Dynasty Autocracy- Type of government where the leader has total power In 1894, Nicholas II became Czar. RUSSIA’S TROUBLES. A naive and disconnected Czar Rapid industrialization Dissatisfied society Russia was politically unstable

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THE Russian Revolution

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  1. THE Russian Revolution

  2. Czar Nicholas II Romanov Dynasty Autocracy- Type of government where the leader has total power In 1894, Nicholas II became Czar

  3. RUSSIA’S TROUBLES • A naive and disconnected Czar • Rapid industrialization • Dissatisfied society • Russia was politically unstable • Lost the Russo-Japanese War

  4. The Revolutionary Movement • Karl Marx-German Philosopher who believed in communism • Proletariat- Workers • Mensheviks (moderate)v. Bolsheviks (Radical) • Vladimir Lenin- Bolshevik leader

  5. Bloody Sunday • January 23,1905, at the Czar’s Winter Palace in St. Petersburg • 200,000 workers carried a petition asking for: • Better working conditions • More personal freedom • An elected national legislature • Significance: sparked a wave of strikes and violence across Russia • Duma created in October 1905 • Russia’s first parliament

  6. Russia and WWI • Russia unprepared to handle military and economic costs of war • In 1915, Czar Nicholas went to war front and left Czarina Alexandra to run the government • Rasputin- A self-described holy man • Shortage of food, fuel • Prices inflated • Significance: The Czar and Czarina proved to be incapable of dealing with the problems in Russia

  7. The March Revolution • In March 1917, women textile workers striking • Five days later, riots over shortage of bread and fuel • This general uprising forced Czar Nicholas to abdicate his throne • Leaders of Duma established a provisional government, headed by Alexander Kerensky • Soviets- local councils made up socialist revolutionaries competing for power • Lenin returns to Russia in April 1917

  8. The Bolshevik Revolution • Stalin gains control of Petrograd Soviets • November 1917, Bolshevik Red Guards overthrow the provisional government • Bolsheviks in power meant: • Farmland was distributed to all peasants • Gave control of factories to the workers • Signed truce with Germany to stop all fighting

  9. More Trouble for Russia • March 1918, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed, giving large parts of Russian territory to Germany and its allies • 1918-1920 Civil War rages in Russia • The White Army- comprised of different groups of people who all wanted to bring down the Bolsheviks • Civil war and the famine that followed resulted in 14 million deaths

  10. Russia After Civil War • Russian economy destroyed • March 1921, implements New Economic Policy • NEP allowed • Peasants to sell their surplus crops instead of giving them to the government • Allowed the government to keep control of major industries • Allowed some factories and farms to operate under private ownership • By 1928, Russia was back to producing as much as before WWI

  11. Political Reforms • Lenin organized Russia into self-governing republics that were under one central government • In 1922, Russia becomes the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) • Bolsheviks rename themselves the Communist Party • In 1924, the Communist Party created their Constiution • Lenin established a dictatorship of the Communist Party not a dictatorship of the proletariat that Marx promoted

  12. A New Leader • In 1922, Lenin dies • Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin are competing to become head of the Communist Party • By 1928, Stalin is in total command of the Communist Party • In 1929, Trotsky is forced into exile and is no longer a threat

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