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Review:

Review:. After Glycolysis: How many of the original 6 carbons from glucose are left? 6….you didn’t loose any After Intermediate Step: How many of the original 6 carbons from glucose are left? 4 …2 carbons are lost as Carbon Dioxide. Acetyl CoA. 6.9 Kreb’s Cycle. CoA. CoA. 2. CO 2.

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Review:

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  1. Review: • After Glycolysis: • How many of the original 6 carbons from glucose are left? • 6….you didn’t loose any • After Intermediate Step: • How many of the original 6 carbons from glucose are left? • 4…2 carbons are lost as Carbon Dioxide

  2. Acetyl CoA 6.9 Kreb’s Cycle CoA CoA 2 CO2 CITRIC ACID CYCLE 3 NAD+ FADH2 3 NADH FAD  3 H+ P ADP + ATP

  3. 9.9 Kreb’s Cycle • The citric acid cycle has eight steps, each catalyzed by a specific enzyme • The acetyl group of acetyl CoA joins the cycle by combining with oxaloacetate, forming citrate • The next seven steps decompose the citrate back to oxaloacetate, making the process a cycle • The NADH and FADH2 produced by the cycle relay electrons extracted from food to the electron transport chain

  4. CoA Acetyl CoA CoA 2 carbons enter cycle Oxaloacetate 1 CITRIC ACID CYCLE Step Acetyl CoA stokes the furnace. 1

  5. CoA Acetyl CoA CoA 2 carbons enter cycle Oxaloacetate 1 Citrate NAD+ + H+ NADH 2 CITRIC ACID CYCLE leaves cycle CO2 ADP + P ATP Alpha-ketoglutarate 3 leaves cycle CO2 NAD+ + H+ NADH Step Acetyl CoA stokes the furnace. Steps – NADH, ATP, and CO2 are generated during redox reactions. 1 2 3

  6. CoA Acetyl CoA CoA 2 carbons enter cycle Oxaloacetate 1 Citrate + H+ NADH NAD+ 5 NAD+ + H+ NADH 2 CITRIC ACID CYCLE leaves cycle CO2 Malate ADP  P FADH2 4 ATP Alpha-ketoglutarate FAD 3 leaves cycle CO2 Succinate NAD+ + H+ NADH Step Acetyl CoA stokes the furnace. Steps – NADH, ATP, and CO2 are generated during redox reactions. Steps – Redox reactions generate FADH2 and NADH. 1 2 3 4 5

  7. 6.9 Kreb’s Cycle • What happens to the 2 carbons that enter the Kreb’s cycle? • 2C enter as the 2 carbon acetyl CoA (total 4C) • 2C leave the Kreb’s cycle as CO2…..but are they the same 2 carbons from the original glucose?

  8. 6.9 Kreb’s Cycle • The 2 carbons from CO2 are not from original glucose • The 2 carbons from original glucose end up regenerating the new oxaloacetate • Therefore, the 4 carbon compound in step 8 is composed of different carbons each time around.

  9. 6.9 Kreb’s Cycle • Needs: • 2 Acetyl CoA, 6 NAD+, 2 FAD, 2 ADP + P • Gains: • 4 CO2, 6NADH, 2FADH2, 2ATP

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