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Maine/Canada Water Boundary

Maine/Canada Water Boundary. Alec McEwen. “The fundamental basis of nearly every boundary dispute of any magnitude in history has been geographical ignorance.” T.H. Holdich, The Countries of the King’s Award, 1904. How did the boundary originate?. Peace Treaty of 1783

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Maine/Canada Water Boundary

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  1. Maine/Canada Water Boundary Alec McEwen

  2. “The fundamental basis of nearly every boundary dispute of any magnitude in history has been geographical ignorance.” T.H. Holdich, The Countries of the King’s Award, 1904.

  3. How did the boundary originate?

  4. Peace Treaty of 1783 • Middle of St. Croix River from mouth to source chosen as boundary • But where was the St. Croix?

  5. Jay Treaty, 1794 • 3 Commissioners appointed to identify St. Croix and its source • Surveys of Scoodic and Magaguadavic

  6. Discovery of ruins of 1604 French settlement at mouth of Scoodic • Commissioners accept Scoodic and its Chiputneticook branch as treaty St. Croix, 1798 • St. Croix source marked by survey stake

  7. “Middle” of St. Croix replaced by “thalweg” in 1908 • Thalweg now in fixed mathematical location

  8. Todd Island Controversy • Thousands of soundings taken to find thalweg • Commissioners agree on Todd Island ownership, 1934

  9. Passamaquoddy Islands Dispute • 2 Commissioners appointed under Treaty of Ghent, 1814 • Settled ownership of Passamaquoddy Islands and Grand Manan, 1817

  10. Moose, Treat and Frederick Islands to United States • All other Passamaquoddy Islands and Grand Manan to Britain • Water boundary established 1892 and 1910 • Extended to Grand Manan Channel, 1925

  11. Gulf of Maine case, 1984 • Voluntary submission to binding adjudication by World Court • Landward and seaward boundary segments still unsettled

  12. Machias Seal Island Who Owns It?

  13. Grant and Treaty Arguments • Canadian Lighthouse Since 1832 • Canada Expropriates Island, 1912 • United States Claim

  14. Other Canada/U.S. Water Boundary Issues Juan de Fuca Dixon Entrance Beaufort Sea • How to settle them? • Negotiation, ICJ Adjudication, Special Arbitration Tribunal?

  15. Thank You

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