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Key Word: Define an atom?

Key Word: Define an atom? “Building blocks” of matter; smallest particles of an element that still have all the properties of that element. CH. 3 Matter & Atomic Structure. Element – a substance that can’t be broken down into simpler substances.

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Key Word: Define an atom?

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  1. Key Word: Define an atom? “Building blocks” of matter; smallest particles of an element that still have all the properties of that element

  2. CH. 3 Matter & Atomic Structure Element – a substance that can’t be broken down into simpler substances. Ex. Au, Cu, O, C, N, H, Na, Cl, F, Ca, Mg, Sn, Pb, etc. Atom – the smallest part of an element. 1. protons = + charge, in nucleus 2. neutrons = no charge, in nucleus 3. electrons = - charge, in electron clouds.

  3. Atomic # = # of protons in the nucleus. Mass # = total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. Mass # - Atomic # = # of neutrons. Energy “Shells” Levels = the area outside the nucleus where electrons are found; shells fill from inside out 1st = 2, 2nd = 8, 3rd = 18, 4th = 32, etc. Isotopes = atoms of the same element with different mass numbers. The neutrons differ from one atom to the next.

  4. Key Word: What is a chemical compound? Anytime two or more atoms combined usually though their outer most electrons also called molecules.

  5. Compound – a substance that is composed of atoms of 2 or more different elements that are chemically combined. Chemical Bond – forces that hold the elements together in a compound. 1. Ionic Bond – a forced attraction between oppositely charged elements. Electrons are gained or lost due to this bond. Ex. NaCl, LiF, HCl, etc. The net electrostatic charge is zero when elements form an ionic bond.

  6. 2. Covalent Bonds – This bond is created when atoms share electrons between them. The atoms that form a covalent bond usually have the same charge. Ex. H2O, CH4, H2, N2, Cl2, etc. Ions – an atom that gains or loses electrons. These are charged particles. Mixtures – a combination of 2 or more substances. 1. Heterogeneous Mixture =One can distinguish the substances that make up the mixture. Ex. Toss Salad, Pizza, Mixed vegetables, etc. 2. Homogenous Mixture = One can’t distinguish the substances that make up the mixture. Ex. Pop, Kool-aid, Tomato soup, etc.

  7. Solutions – example of a mixture; a mixture where one substance dissolves in another substance. Example slat water or sugar water Chemical Reactions – change of one or more substance into other substance(s).

  8. Acids – a solution that contains hydrogen ions (H+) in water. Corrosive, electrolytes, sour taste, pH lower than 7. Ex. HCl, HF, H2SO4, HNO3, etc. Bases – a solution that contains hydroxide ions (OH-) in water. Corrosive, electrolytes, bitter, pH higher than 7. Ex. NaOH, LiOH, NH4, etc. A pH of 7 is neutral.

  9. Key Words: Describe the differences in solids, liquids, and gases.

  10. States of Matter 1. Solid – the atoms are arranged in a crystalline structure. They have definite shape and volume 2. Liquid – the atoms in a liquid move faster than a solid. They have no shape, but they have volume. 3. Gas – the atoms move the faster yet in a gas. They have no shape or volume. 4. Plasma – the matter is heated to temperatures greater than 5000° C. Ex. Lightning, neon sign, stars.

  11. Changing in States of Matter Freezing – liquid to solid Boiling – liquid to gas Evaporation – liquid to gas Melting – solid to liquid Sublimation – solid to water vapor Condensation – gas to liquid

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