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Differentiated Instruction

Differentiated Instruction. Hawk, Haworth, Stelogeannis, Viles & Zehner. The History. 1961 Virgil Ward coins the term “differential education” 1972 Marland Report validates the term 1986 Kaplan 2009 Defined as “a teacher’s response

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Differentiated Instruction

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  1. Differentiated Instruction Hawk, Haworth, Stelogeannis, Viles & Zehner

  2. The History • 1961 Virgil Ward coins the term “differential education” • 1972 Marland Report validates the term • 1986 Kaplan • 2009 Defined as “a teacher’s response to individual differences”

  3. Keys to Differentiation • Examine background knowledge • Investigate interests, learning style & culture • Tailor learning to the student’s style • Be flexible • Expect to revise & adapt to the student’s needs

  4. Content • Must be supported with an array of materials • Tasks focused on learning goals • Content “bent” but not changed

  5. Process • Flexible grouping increases understanding varies by assignment maintains classroom management

  6. Product • Continual assessments • Formal or informal • Elicits active learners • Negotiating expectations & requirements

  7. Guidelines • Explain key concepts • Assessments as tools • Critical & creative thinking • Vary task & instruction • Balance of products • Include student choice • Use “Zone of Proximal Development”

  8. Arguments • Few educators argument this method • Difficult to maintain in large groups • Could require additional staff • Array of resources needed • Strong parental and administrative support • Understand there is no “right” way

  9. Implications for Principals • Be sure the learning environment is not compromised • Routine & class diversity need to be evident • Centers must be utilized • Manipulatives evident • Varying reading levels • Diverse products

  10. References • Gubbins, E.J. (n.d.). When “Differentiated” Becomes Disconnected From Curriculum.” Retrieved July 13, 2009 from University of Connecticut, Neag Center for Gifted Education and Talent Development Web site: http://www.gifted.uconn.edu/nrcgt/newsletter/winter94/wintr941.html • Hall, T. (2002) Differentiated instruction. Wakefield, MA: National Center on Accessing the General Curriculum. Retrieved [insert date] from http://www.cast.org/publications/ncac/ncac_diffinstruc.html • Hollowell, K. (n.d.) What are the Problems with Differentiated Instruction? Retrieved from http://www.ehow.com/about_5066080_problems-differentiated-instruction.html • Sadker, M.P. & Sadker, D.M. (2005) Teachers, Schools, and Society. New York: McGraw-Hill • Tomlinson, C. A. (2003-2004) Differentiation of Instruction in the Elementary Grades. Retrieved from http://www.ericdigests.org/2001-2/elementary.html • Ward, V. S. (1961). Finding the gifted: An axiomatic approach. Columbus, OH: Charles E. Merrill.

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