Unit 4 Commonly Used Methods in Translation （ 1 ）

1. Unit 4 Commonly Used Methods in Translation （1） 1. Deciding the meaning of words:

2. He likes mathematics more than physics. (V.) • Like charges repel;unlike charges attract. (adj.) • At New Year’s Eve, every child in the family is given a like amount of money. (adj.) • Like attracts like. (n.) • Like cures like. (n.) • Like knows like. (n.)

3. Ex. • 1) Put on your left glove, please. • 2) By the left, quick march! • 3) She is further left than her husband. • 4)He fell Tom with a left to the jaw. • 5）He has two left feet.

4. 1) The farm remained wild country for a long time. • 2) The boys had brown skin and wild hair. (Three heroes in sunny Italy) • 3) The theatre was burst with wild boys. • 4) It was a wild summer night.

5. 1.2 Meanings and collocations: • 1) The farm remained wild country for a long time. （荒芜的，未开垦的） • 2) The boys had brown skin and wild hair. (Three heroes in sunny Italy)（蓬乱的，乱糟糟的） • 3) The theatre was burst with wild boys.（吵闹的） • 4) It was a wild summer night. （有暴风雨的）

6. Ex. • 1)He is the last man to come. • 2)He is the last man to do it. • 3)He is the last person for such a job. • 4) He should be the last man to blame. • 5)This is the last place where I expect to meet you.

7. thing 1)I believed then that I would die there, and I saw with a terrible clarity the things of the valley below.

8. 2)The large mammalian brain is the most complicated thing, for its size, known to us.

9. 3)Mr. Somerville--- a most delightful man, to whom my debt is great--- was charged with the duty of teaching the stupidest boys the most disregarded thing--- namely, to write mere English.

10. 4)What a fine thing for our girls!

11. 1.3 Meaning shifts between the abstract and the concrete • 1）concrete---abstract: to put the word with concrete image into one with abstract meaning:

12. a. See-sawing between partly good and faintly ominous, the news for the next four weeks was never distinct.

13. b. There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of the imperialists.

14. 2) abstract-concrete: to put the word with abstract meaning into one which is more concrete or more tangible.

15. a. Vietnam was his entrée to the new Administration, his third incarnation (humor: to perfectly represent in human form) as a foreign policy consultant.

16. a. Vietnam was his entrée to the new Administration, his third incarnation (humor: to perfectly represent in human form) as a foreign policy consultant. • 越南战争成了他进入新政府的敲门砖， 他担任政府的对外政策顾问，那是第三次了。（阶梯，台阶，入场券）

17. b. Jewish-owned shops were shut down. Swastikas replaced six-pointed stars.

18. b. Jewish-owned shops were shut down. Swastikas replaced six-pointed stars. • 犹太人的店铺关了，田字旗取代了六角星旗。(注: 田字旗是顺时针, 万字旗是逆时针.)

19. Ex. • 1) But my mother had not passed this way for years. And the slimness and the stride were long past, too. • 但是母亲已经很多年没有走这条路了。苗条的倩影和大步流星的样子已经不可复睹。

20. 2) He had a sense of delight in the soft elasticity of the wet grass under his feet and in the shy, wondering eyes of the wild spring flowers by the roadside.

21. 3) “There is no use in this kind of talk,” he said. “You need not be afraid of any unpleasantness; everyone will understand that you are quite innocent.”

22. 1.4 Meaning with derogatory or commendatory color • a word with derogatory or commendatory color： • He was a man of high renown (fame).有名望 • His notoriety as a rake did not come until his death. 坏名声

23. a word with neutral meaning • The young man was asked to reflect on his hopes and ambitions.抱负 • Hitler was ambitious.

24. He was a man of integrity, but unfortunately he had a certain reputation. I believe the reputation was not deserved.

25. Those who do not remember the past are condemned to relive it.

26. The fate of men is as grim and bleak as the fate of women. Toilers and warriors.

27. Ex. • It was mid-August and the subject for discussion was the future of Rommel and his Africa Corps. • They predicted the youth would have a bright future.

28. 3. Hitler pursued an aggressive policy after he seized power. 4. John was an aggressive salesman who did his job quite well.

29. 5. Hans was too obviously flattering the gentleman by saying he was the most courageous man he had ever seen. 6. Mr. Brown felt greatly flattered when he received the invitation to deliver a lecture.