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Chapter 7

Chapter 7. Listening, Note Taking & Memory. How can you become a better listener?. Listening “A process that involves sensing, interpreting, evaluating and reacting to spoken messages.”. Know the stages of listening. Sensation Listener hears message when ears pick up sound waves

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Chapter 7

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  1. Chapter 7 Listening, Note Taking & Memory

  2. How can you become a better listener? • Listening • “A process that involves sensing, interpreting, evaluating and reacting to spoken messages.”

  3. Know the stages of listening • Sensation • Listener hears message when ears pick up sound waves • Interpretation • Listener attaches meaning to message • Evaluation • Listener judges message against personal values • Reaction • Listener provides feedback to speaker through questions and comments

  4. listening challenges • Divided attention and distractions • Internal distractions • External distractions • Shutting out the message • The rush to judgment • Partial hearing • Learning disabilities

  5. Become an active listener • Set purposes for listening • Ask questions • Pay attention to verbal signpost • Expect the unexpected

  6. Set purpose for listening

  7. Ask questions • “The most important types of question you will ask are … • CLARIFYING QUESTIONS” • Don’t let your questions distract you from learning • Cultural differences?

  8. Verbal Signposts • Verbal Signposts • Spoken words or phrases that call attention to the information that follows.

  9. Verbal signposts - examples • Signals pointing to key concepts • “There are two reasons for this…” • “A critical point in the process involves…” • “Most important…” • “The result is…” Key Concepts

  10. Verbal signposts - examples • Signals pointing to differences • “On the contrary…” • “On the other hand…” • “In contrast…” • “However…” Differences

  11. Verbal signposts - examples • Signal of support • “For example…” • “Specifically…” • “For instance…” • “Similarly…” Support

  12. Verbal signposts - examples • Signals that summarize • “Finally…” • “Recapping this idea…” • “In conclusion…” • “As a result…” Summarize

  13. Expect the unexpected

  14. Note taking – WHY????? • Helps you remember • It helps you to concentrate • It helps you prepare for tests. • Clues for what the instructor thinks most important (i.e., what will show up on the next test). • Your notes often contain information that cannot be foundelsewhere (i.e., in your textbook).

  15. How can you make the most of note taking? • 3 step process • Prepare • Record • Review / revise

  16. Preparing to take class notes • Preview your reading material • Gather your supplies • Location, location, location • Choose the best note-taking system • The instructors style • The course material • Your learning style

  17. Record information effectively • Practical advice • Date & number every page • Record what the instructor • Repeats or Emphasizes • Questions asked • Writes on the board • Signals with verbal signposts • Indicates as key terms • Leave “white space” • Draw pictures • Quick but clear

  18. Record information effectively • Questions marks & spaces • Use … • symbols • highlighters • different color pens • CAPITAL LETTERS

  19. Concentrate • Be Consistent • Be selectively • Use your own words. • Be brief • .

  20. Review & Revise your notes • Plan a review schedule • Review within a day of the lecture • Review regularly • Review with an eye toward tests • Revise using other sources & critical thinking • Summarize • Work with Study Group

  21. Note Taking systems • Outline form • Formal outline • Informal outline

  22. Cornell Note taking system • (T-system) • 3 areas • Note taking area • Cue column • Summaries

  23. Create a think link • AKA: • Mind map or word web • Visualization • The interpretation of verbal ideas though the use of visual images

  24. Use other visual note-taking strategies • Timelines

  25. Use other visual note-taking strategies • Tables

  26. Use other visual note-taking strategies • Hierarchy charts

  27. How can you write faster when taking notes? • Shorthand • A system of rapid handwriting that employs symbols, abbreviations and shortened words to represent words and phrases

  28. How can you write faster when taking notes? • Standard abbreviations • w/ • with • < • Less than • # • number • eg • For example

  29. How can you write faster when taking notes? • Shorten words by removing vowels • Prps • Purpose • Lwyr • Lawyer • Cmptr • Computer

  30. How can you write faster when taking notes? • Substitute word beginning for the entire word • Assoc • Associate • Info • Information • Subj • subject

  31. How can you write faster when taking notes? • Make up your own symbols • b/4 • Before • 2thake • Toothache • TEXT

  32. How can you write faster when taking notes? • If you are repeating a work / phrase throughout the lecture – make an abbreviation for it. • Pneumonia (PN) • Florence Nightingale (FN)

  33. How does memory work • 3 stages of memory • Sensory memory • seconds • Short-term memory • 10-20 seconds • Long-term memory

  34. Four stages of Long term memory • Concrete experiences • Hearing or seeing the material, or responses to your new ideas • Reflective observation: • Relating material to previous knowledge • Abstract hypothesis • Using material to generate new ideas • Active testing • Trying out and communication new ideas.

  35. What memory strategies can improve recall? • Have a purpose and intention

  36. What memory strategies can improve recall? • Understand what you memorize

  37. What memory strategies can improve recall? • Recite, rehearse & write • Recite = • Repeat key concepts aloud • Rehearsing • Repeating key concepts silently (in your mind) • Write • Reciting on paper

  38. What memory strategies can improve recall? • Study during short, frequent sessions • Which is better? • Studying for 60 minutes straight • Studying 3 times for 20 minutes each

  39. What memory strategies can improve recall? • Limit and organize material

  40. What memory strategies can improve recall? • Practice the middle

  41. What memory strategies can improve recall? • Create groupings

  42. What memory strategies can improve recall? • Use flash cards

  43. What memory strategies can improve recall? • Use a tape recorder

  44. What memory strategies can improve recall? • Use mnemonic devices • Mnemonic devices • Memory techniques that involve associating new information with information you already know.

  45. What memory strategies can improve recall? • Create visual images and associations

  46. Creating visual images & assoc. • Draw the Cornell notes system

  47. Creating a visual image • 3 stages of memory • Sensory • Short-term • Long-term

  48. What memory strategies can improve recall? • Use the mental walk strategy to remember items in a list

  49. Mental Walk • Bedroom  • Hallway  • kids room  • bathroom • Four stages of Long-term memory

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