1 / 41

Introduction to Violence Epidemiology

Introduction to Violence Epidemiology. With a focus on crime-related violence. Thomas Songer, PhD University of Pittsburgh tjs@pitt.edu. What is Violence? What actions characterize violence?. Definition of Violence. …...To understand violence, you need to define violence.

oakes
Download Presentation

Introduction to Violence Epidemiology

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Introduction to Violence Epidemiology With a focus on crime-related violence Thomas Songer, PhD University of Pittsburgh tjs@pitt.edu

  2. What is Violence?What actions characterize violence?

  3. Definition of Violence …...To understand violence, you need to define violence How would you define violence?

  4. Definition of Violence • wide ranging in the literature • crime-related, spouse, child, firearms • National Research Council • behaviour by individuals that intentionally threaten, attempt, or inflict physical harm on others www.nap.edu

  5. Categories of Violence • Crime-based Violence • Homicide • Robbery • Rape • Serious Assaults • Firearm-related Violence • Suicide • Domestic Violence

  6. Categories of Violence • Crime-based Violence • Firearm-related Violence • Suicide • successful and unsuccessful • Domestic Violence • partner • child • elder

  7. Public Health Approach to Disease Control Monitoring of Identify Intervene Evaluate incidence risk factors prevalence Prevention social Identify genetic morbidity environmental mortality cost

  8. Surveillance Identify Monitoring Intervene Evaluate risk factors

  9. Surveillance of Violence from Crime • Death Certificates • Police Reports • Uniform Crime Reports • Government Surveys • National Criminal Victimization Survey • Medical Databases

  10. Leading Causes of Death, U.S.1995 SOURCE: NCIPC, 1998.

  11. Trends in Homicide, United States, 1910-96 NCHS

  12. Homicide Rates; Selected Countries France England Canada New Zealand Scotland ICE, 1998

  13. Crime Violence Data Sources • Federal Bureau of Investigation • Uniform Crime Reporting System • NIBRS • National Institute of Justice • National Crime Victimization Survey

  14. Trends in Violent Crime, Pennsylvania 1994 UCR

  15. Down with Crime “How to Cut City’s Crime Rate: Don’t Report It” “Philadelphia’s Crime Data Discarded by FBI” Philadelphia Inquirer 1997-98

  16. The Pyramid of Violent Crime in the U.S., 1994 1.8% admitted to hospital 3.4% seen in an emergency department 14.5% received medical care 25% resulted in physical injury 41% reported to police 10,860,000 violent crimes 1994 NCVS

  17. Uniform Crime Reports (1994) National Crime Victimization Survey (1994) National Violence Against Women Survey (1995-96) 102,216 168,000 rapes 149,000 attempted 117,000 sex. assault 302,100 females affected 876,000 rape events National Estimates of Rape and Sexual Assault

  18. Injuries from Crime Medical Sources and Police Sources “You look at them as victims, we look at them as suspects”

  19. Definition of Health Care Events Related to Violence • Based on E-codes • E960-969 Homicide and injury purposely inflicted • E coding to distinguish crimes is relatively poor

  20. The Pyramid of Rape in the United States, 1994 3.4% admitted to hospital 4.6% seen in an emergency department 17.6% received medical care 32% reported to police 1994 NCVS 433,000 rapes/sexual assaults

  21. Problems in Crime Violence Surveillance • Definition of violence may not be standard across sources • Reporting of violence by victims varies considerably • Rape • Reporting of violence by the police may vary

  22. Risk Factor Identification Identify Monitoring Intervene Evaluate risk factors

  23. Epidemiologic Model Host Agent Environment Crime Victim Perpetrator Environment

  24. Violent Crime Victims by Age Group, Pennsylvania, 1994 1994 UCR

  25. Death Rates from Homicide, 1980-86

  26. Rape Victims by Age Group, Pennsylvania, 1994 1994 UCR

  27. Criminal Victimization in Schools by Student Age, US, 1995

  28. Homicide by Type of Weapon, Pennsylvania, 1994 1994 UCR

  29. Location of Robberies in the United States, 1997 1997 UCR

  30. Workplace Homicide Rates by Occupation North Carolina, 1977-1991, n= 361

  31. Perpetrators

  32. Prevalence of Serious Violence by Age Pittsburgh

  33. Prevalence of Serious Violence in Pittsburgh by Ethnicity and Age

  34. Cumulative Prevalence of Serious Violence by Age 16

  35. Prevention Identify Monitoring Intervene Evaluate risk factors

  36. Prevention Strategies • Criminal Justice • Behavioural • Environmental • Public Health

  37. Haddon Matrix Adapted from Haddon, 1980.

  38. Violence in Pennsylvania http://www.pitt.edu/~tjs/vio/viopenn.htm

More Related