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Lecture 7

Lecture 7 . Complex Word Stress. Complex Words. Compound (two free morphemes). Complex (Stem + affix). A……word is a word that is not composed of more than one grammatical unit; e.g. “Sugar”. simple =. Both……..…words are composed of more than one grammatical unit.

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Lecture 7

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  1. Lecture 7 Complex Word Stress Mrs. Hind Al-Beladi

  2. Complex Words Compound (two free morphemes) Complex (Stem + affix) Mrs. Hind Al-Beladi

  3. A……word is a word that is not composed of more than one grammatical unit; e.g. “Sugar” simple = Mrs. Hind Al-Beladi

  4. Both……..…words are composed of more than one grammatical unit. Complex & compound= Mrs. Hind Al-Beladi

  5. ……word is a word that is composed of a basic stem and an affix (either a prefix, An infix, or a suffix); e.g careless Care (stem)+ less (suffix) A complex= Mrs. Hind Al-Beladi

  6. the main characteristic of a ……word is that it can be analyzed into two lexical words, both of which can exist independently as English words; e.g. typewriter. compound= Mrs. Hind Al-Beladi

  7. Stress in Complex Words Mrs. Hind Al-Beladi

  8. How can the affix affect the word stress? Mrs. Hind Al-Beladi

  9. Affixes will have one of three possible effects on word stress. • The affix itself receives the primary stress. • The word is stressed just as if the affix was not there. • The stress remains on the stem but is shifted to a different syllable. See Examples in the book Mrs. Hind Al-Beladi

  10. Complex Words: suffixes Suffixes: - Have no effect - Effect the stress-pattern - Take the stress themeselves Mrs. Hind Al-Beladi

  11. Complex Words: suffixes Suffixes: Have no effect - able, - ful -age, -al, -en, -ing, - ish Mrs. Hind Al-Beladi

  12. Complex Words: suffixes • Suffixes: • Have no effect • Affect the stress-pattern. attract the stress to the syllable before the suffix - graphy,– ion,– ity -eous, -ious, -ial, -ic, -ive Mrs. Hind Al-Beladi

  13. Complex Words: suffixes Suffixes: • Have no effect • Effect the stress-pattern • Take the stress themeselves refugee, mountaineer, Portuguese, cigarette, picturesque Mrs. Hind Al-Beladi

  14. Stress in compound Words Mrs. Hind Al-Beladi

  15. Compound words are written in three ways 1- as one word (armchair) 2- as two words separated by a space (desk lamp) 3- as two words separated by a hyphen (fruit-cake) Mrs. Hind Al-Beladi

  16. When is primary stress placed on the first word and when is it placed on the second? Mrs. Hind Al-Beladi

  17. The most familiar type is the one which combines two nouns and normally has the stress on the first word. Examples: ‘typewriter ‘suitcase ‘tea-cup ‘sunrise • Compounds with an adjectival first element and the –ed morpheme at the end have stress on the second part. Examples: Bad-’tempered Half-’timbered Heavy-’handed • Compounds in which the first element is a number in some form also tend to have final stress. Examples: Three-’wheeler Second-’class Five-’finger Mrs. Hind Al-Beladi

  18. Compounds functioning as adverbs are usually final-stressed. Examples: Head-’first North-’east • Compounds functioning as verbs and have an adverbial first element take final stress. Examples: Down-’grade Back-’pedal Ill-’treat Mrs. Hind Al-Beladi

  19. variable stress stress position may vary for one of two reasons:1- either as a result of the stress on other words occurring next to the word in question.2- because not all speakers of RP agree on the placement of stress in some words.Examples:bad-’tempered ‘bad-tempered ‘teacher Mrs. Hind Al-Beladi

  20. word-class pairs: There are several dozen pairs of two-syllable words which have the same spelling, but only differ from each other in stress pattern as their grammatical function differs (as noun or verb or adjective). Mrs. Hind Al-Beladi

  21. word-class pairs: • when you placed the stress on the word class pairs?the stress will be placed on the second syllable of the verb but on the first syllable of the noun or adjective. Mrs. Hind Al-Beladi

  22. Mrs. Hind Al-Beladi

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