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Toulmin’s method

An analytical response to an argument determines our basis for agreement or disagreement with it. Toulmin’s method. The Toulmin method. helps us see how and why the different parts of an argument work together , and analyze the effectiveness of each part.

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Toulmin’s method

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  1. An analytical response to an argument determines our basis for agreement or disagreement with it. Toulmin’s method

  2. The Toulmin method • helps us see how and why the different parts of an argument worktogether, • and analyze the effectiveness of each part.

  3. The Parts of an Argument according to the Toulmin Model: • Claims- are the main point of the argument. • Data(support) - provides the evidence, opinions, reasoning, examples, and factual information about a claim.

  4. Parts of a Toulmin Argument • Warrants- are assumptions, general principles, conventions of specific disciplines, widely held values, commonly accepted beliefs, and appeals to human motives.  • Mostwarrants are not stated in an argument.

  5. Parts of a Toulmin Argument iv) Backing - is audience specific and it bridges the gap between the author's warrant and the audience's opinion. v) Rebuttals - establish what is wrong, invalid, or unacceptable about an argument and they may present counter arguments or new arguments that represent different points of view.

  6. Parts of a Toulmin Argument vi) Qualifiers - are words throughout the argument that quantify the argument. Some examples include: always, never, is, are, all, none, and absolutely; always and never change to sometimes, is and are change to may be or might, all changes to many or some, none changes to a few, and absolutely changes to probably or possibly. (Adapted from Wood, Nancy V.  Perspectives on Argument.  Third Edition.  Upper Saddle River, New Jersey:  Prentice Hall, 2001. ) (http://courses.durhamtech.edu/perkins/toul.html)

  7. Dr. Nancy Mack • Revising How We Teach Emotion: Rejecting the Public Spectacle of Polarized Arguments

  8. Dr. Mack’s critique • False dichotomies • Turning differences into oppositions • Justifying attacks • Deliberative rhetoric erases inequalities • Deliberation will only solidify beliefs • Logic makes it easier to be blind to students emotions/problems

  9. Critique of Toulmin The Frankfurt School Ira Shore • Social forces embedded in the lives of real people • Advocated posing problems and engaging in hopeful activities

  10. In Memory of Stephen Toulmin

  11. Kurt Vonnegut: I am very real

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