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Water-Soluble Vitamins

Water-Soluble Vitamins. Water soluble Readily excreted – expensive urine Can be lost from food by cooking/storage Typically work as part of enzymes in metabolism Relatively high absorption rate Severe deficiencies rare Vitamins – Niacin, Thiamine, Folic Acid, Riboflavin, B12, and C.

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Water-Soluble Vitamins

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  1. Water-Soluble Vitamins • Water soluble • Readily excreted – expensive urine • Can be lost from food by cooking/storage • Typically work as part of enzymes in metabolism • Relatively high absorption rate • Severe deficiencies rare • Vitamins – Niacin, Thiamine, Folic Acid, Riboflavin, B12, and C.

  2. Enrichment Act of 1941 and 1998 • Milling of rice, wheat, oats, etc… • significantly reduces nutritional quality • Whole grains contain original nutrients • Enrich with • thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folate, iron • Enriched grains still • deficient in B-6, magnesium and zinc

  3. Thiamin • Destroyed by alkaline and heat • Coenzyme: Thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP) • Absorbed in the jejunum by a carrier-mediated system • Transported by RBC in the blood • Deficiency • Beriberi • Weakness, nerve degeneration, irritability, poor arm/leg coordination, loss of nerve transmission • Edema, enlarge heart, heart failure

  4. Food Sources of Thiamin • Wide variety of food • White bread, pork, hot dogs, luncheon meat, cold cereal • Enriched grains/ whole grains • Thiaminase found in raw fish • 1.1 mg/day for women • 1.2 mg/day for men • Most exceed RDA in diet • Surplus is rapidly lost in urine; non toxic

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