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Motor Learning and Control

Motor Learning and Control. KNR 164. What’s in a Name?. Motor Behavior Motor Control Motor Learning Motor Development Sometimes used synonymously –but they are different . Motor Behavior. Motor behavior : the study of human movement or action

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Motor Learning and Control

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  1. Motor Learning and Control KNR 164

  2. What’s in a Name? • Motor Behavior • Motor Control • Motor Learning • Motor Development • Sometimes used synonymously –but they are different

  3. Motor Behavior • Motor behavior: the study of human movement or action • Motor behavior is a fundamental human function that is essential to virtually all aspirations in life (Sherrington, 1924) • Involves two overlapping themes: • Motor control • Motor learning

  4. Subdivisions of Motor Behavior • Motor control • Study of the neurophysiological factors that affect and maintain human movement • The processes that underlie the production of movement • Motor learning • Study of the processes involved in acquiring and perfecting motor skills • Motor development • Process through which we pass during the course of our life

  5. Interdisciplinary • There is not only interaction among the subareas of motor behavior, • But with biomechanics and exercise physiology • Working together, experts can more accurately detect subtle movement changes and differences

  6. Motor Development • Motor development is the study of changes in human motor behavior over the lifespan, the processes that underlie these changes, and the factors that affect them • The role of motor development is to: • Understand present motor behavior • What is happening and why it is happening • Understand what this behavior was like in the past and why • Understand what the behavior will be like in the future

  7. How do People Acquire Motor Skills? • Motor learning is the study of the processes people go through as they acquire and refine motor skills • One must also consider the variables that promote or inhibit the acquisition of these skills • This research influences how instructors, coaches, therapists, and others approach teach and rehabilitation • What variables might promote or inhibit acquisition?

  8. Motor Learning • “Motor learning is a set of processes associated with practice or experience leading to relatively permanent changes in the capability for movement” • Schmidt and Lee (2005) • Motor learning = capability for movement rather than movement itself • We must infer that motor learning has occurred form a change in motor performance

  9. Precision of Movement • Fine motor skill • Involving very precise movements normally accomplished using smaller musculature • Gross motor skill • Places less emphasis on precision and is typically the result of multi-limb movements

  10. Nature of Movement Organization • Discrete • Beginning and end points are clearly defined • Serial • Composed of a number of discrete skills whose integrated performance is crucial for goal achievement • Continuous • Beginning and ending points are arbitrary

  11. Once acquired, what is motor control? • Motor control is the neural, physical, and behavioral aspects of human movement • Does the brain integrate all sensory messages? • Does arousal influence performance? • Why do we sometimes forget how to do something? • Why do we know how to do something even when we haven’t done it in a long time?

  12. Motor Control (Schmidt, 1991) • At a minimum, motor programs must: • Specify the muscles involved in the action • Select the order of muscle involvement • Determine the forces of muscle contraction • Specify the relative timing and sequences of contractions • Determine the duraction of contractions

  13. Professional Organizations • The Society of Neuroscience • The International Brain Research Organization • The International Society for Motor Control • The North American Society for Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity • The American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance (AAPHERD) • The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) • The Biomedical Engineering Society

  14. Career opportunities • Research focused: Academic and industrial settings • Physical Therapy • Occupational Therapy • Speech-Language Pathologist • Athletic Training • Orthotists and Prosthetists *May need to obtain graduate/doctorate degrees or their equivalent **Also may need certification and licensure

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