Quiz

1. Quiz • Who made up the patrician class? Be specific. • T or F: Women were more free in Rome than in Greece. • T or F: Republic means “the public” • T or F: Romans were monotheistic.

2. EQ: How does Ancient Rome compare to the United States today? EQ: Why were Italian city-states able to unite more easily than the Greek city-states?

3. World History Assignment – ch. 6 sec. 2 a. Latins – a group of people who migrated to Italy around 800 B.C. – ancestors of the Romans; spoke Latin b. Etruscans – group who lived in Northern Italy and who ruled for a while c. Laws of the Twelve Tables – 12 tablets where all laws were written d. Jupiter – main Roman God 2. a. Republic – thing of the people b. Patrician – land owner; aristocracy c. Plebian – non-land owner; farmer, merchant, artisan d. consul – 2 elected by senators; served one year, ruled by checking power of the senate e. dictator – chosen for 6month in time of war; had to be re-elected; more like our president as commander in chief f. tribune – like a senator, but elected from the plebian class g. veto – power given tribunes so they could block senatorial decisions; helped prevent oligarchy h. legion– main component of Roman military; 5,000 soldiers

4. 3. Two ways geography influenced rise of Rome. Flat terrain made it easier to unite under one government and fertile land helped grow a large and powerful population. 4. a. Early reforms of the plebians. 450 B.C. – they demand that laws be written down. Then demand right to elect own officials. Then get power of veto. B. Differences between males and females. Later years women could own businesses – greater freedom. Society still patriarchal – women could not vote or be in government. Most women stayed at home. 5. Two reasons for success in expanding power over Italy. Well-trained army who volunteered for service, and to diplomacy – making conquered people citizens rather than slaves. 6. What qualities do American heroes display? putting service to country before self; making hard choices and thinking clearly in a stressful situation 7. Did the roman Republic have a democracy or not? I’d say NO because the common people still didn’t get to vote – only the upper classes – on who represented them in government. And then the senate still made the laws, not the tribunes, and the common people didn’t get to vote on their laws, or their Caesars.

5. Geography of Italy • Italy is centrally located in the Mediterranean Sea • Rome is centrally located in Italy, which has broad fertile plains – much easier to unite than Greece • Fertile plains made it easy to support a growing/large population

6. Early Rome • Roman mythology - Romulus & Remusin 753 BC suckled by a she-wolf • Truth: Romulus was first Latin ruler • Early Romans were similar to early Greeks • Etruscans lived to the north and the Greeks to the south. • The Etruscans conquered Rome in 600BC and ruled it for about 100 years • Carthaginians lived in N. Africa

7. Early Rome • Etruscans had great influence on the Romans; gave them • Swamp draining technology, and arch building • The Etruscan alphabet which they took from the Greeks • Religion – same god & goddesses – just different names, which was also adopted from the Greeks

8. The Roman Republic • 509BC- roman overthrew the last Etruscan king – Tarquan the Proud • Swore never to be governed by a monarchy again • Established a Republic – where all citizens had the right to vote to choose their leaders

9. Punic Wars • 246-146 B.C. • Between Rome and Carthage • 3 major wars • Hannibal was a great Carthaginian General • Final battle Romans burn Carthage and pour salt on the fields

10. Decline of Republic • Falls into civil war • 59 B.C. Julius Caesar takes over • Conquers Gaul – becomes famous – accepted as ruler • Organized public works to employ homeless and poor • Assassinated by senators

11. 12 Tables Exercise • 10 minutes. Read through the Roman laws your group was assigned and figure out what it tells us about their society • Choose one person as group spokesman to tell the class • Each person must write their answers down on their paper • Just like we did with the Code of Hammurabi, think about what it tells us about their relationships: • men to women • rich to poor • parent to child • their definition or idea of justice/fairness • Then answer whether they are similar or different to our laws today

12. The Forum • Patricians - Senators • Plebians – tribunes • Consuls were like presidents – could only be patricians at first • Dictator – only in time of war • Tolerant - Conquered cultures required to pay taxes

13. Society • Women had considerable freedom compared to other cultures we’ve studied • Citizens were still men • Many people learned how to read • Main Gods were Jupiter, Juno, and Neptune

14. Review • What Caesar brought stability to the civil war? • With whom did the Romans fight the Punic Wars? • Which emperor ordered that a census be taken – the first ever in history? • What does Pax Romana mean?

15. Greco-Roman Civilization • Greek colonies in Southern Italy gave Romans early Hellenistic Achievements • What were Greek Hellenistic Achievements?

17. Polychrome statues

18. Technologyand Science • Aqueducts • Engineering • Galen – Greek doctor compiled medical encyclopedia • Pliny the Elder – compiled scientific volumes

19. Roman Baths

23. Pompeii • Pompeii – city in southern Rome • Mt. Vesuvius erupted in 79 A.D. • Killed everyone almost instantly

25. Roman Law • Two systems - Civil law and Law of nations • Principles: *innocent till proven guilty *Accused has right to defend himself *Guilt must be proven beyond doubt *Judges interpreted the laws Guiding EQ: How is Ancient Rome like the United States today?

26. CNN News Quiz • Which Congressional house recently passed the bailout bill? • What Canadian Province was hit by Hurricane Juan? • What type of drugs are abused as commonly as illegal ones? • What is one possible economic effect the U.S. Chamber of Commerce says might happen if Congress doesn’t pass a bailout bill? • Who is the current Vice President? • What is Great Britain’s number one disease related killer? • What campaign is the Health Ministry undertaking to combat a bad habit? • What problem does Somalia have off its coast?

27. Roman Religions • Polytheistic • The empire accepted other religions as long as they paid homage to the cult of the Emperor • 63 B.C. Romans conquer Judea • Allow Jews to worship only one God - monotheistic • Jews that Romans called Zealots called for revolts against Rome • Rome destroys them; another Diaspora

28. Christianity Begins • Jesus born about 4 A.D. • Descendant of Jewish King David • Taught Jewish ideals and new principles • 12 Followers called apostles • The Gospels – historical information for his life

29. Spread of Christianity Catacombs • After Jesus’ death, Paul becomes a missionary • Spreads Christianity around Empire – 40-70’s A.D. • Christianity offers equality for believers – spreads like wildfire • Romans persecute Christians for 200 years for not bowing to Emperor More Catacombs

30. Diocletian Divides Empire Early Roman Empire Western Roman Empire Byzantium -Eastern Roman Empire Later Roman Empire 303 A.D. Emperor Diocletian officially outlaws Christianity – harsh persecution of Christians Divides empire into two halves – easier to control Shares power with Emperor Maximian Called the Great Schism West keeps Latin – East main language is Greek

31. Means of identifying fellow Christians – draw Icthus in sand

32. Means of identifying fellow Christians – draw Icthus in sand

34. Rome Accepts Christianity I’m so great I built my own city & named it after me. • Emperor Constantine builds a new city called Constantinople – makes it Roman Empire Capitol • Then he (mostly) converts to Christianity • Roman Empire is still split in two – made worse by Constantine building a new capitol • 313 A.D. Edict of Milan – he grants freedom of religion – reverses Diocletian’s persecution • 325 A.D. – Council of Nicaea - puts 5 archbishops in control in each major Roman city • Alexandria • Jerusalem • Rome • Constantinople • Antioch Constantinople Rome Antioch Jerusalem Alexandria Early Roman Empire Western Roman Empire Byzantium -Eastern Roman Empire Later Roman Empire

35. Pax Romana • Begins under Emperor Octavian Augustus • Height of Roman rule – 31 – 230 A.D. (approx) • Augustus orders a census • Firm ruler with moderate policies • PaxRomana ends with Marcus Aurelius

36. Literature, Art, and Architecture • Realism in art • Mosaics • Virgil’s Aenid– epic poem like Odyssey or Iliad • Simple elegant buildings • Romans improved building by using concrete

37. Bureaucratic Causes • Too many officials • Empire too big to • control effectively

38. 1 MAP WORD BANK Peloponnesian Peninsula Aegean Sea Crete Rome Mediterranean Sea Egypt Gaul Carthage 7 3 6 8 4 2 5 • How did Rome develop differently from Greece? • Roman power and might was based on what? • Roman soldiers not only fought wars, but also did what in their free time? • What were aqueducts? • Was Rome a democracy – why or why not? • How was Ancient Rome a lot like the United States? (Write in complete sentences) • Name one reason for the Empire’s decline. • Extra Credit. 1. Who was the main Roman God? • 2. How were women’s lives different in Rome than in Greece?