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Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Concept: Oxygenation

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Concept: Oxygenation. By: Cathy B. Herbert, RN, MSN. By the end of this module students should be able to: 1. Describe the clinical manifestations and risk factors associated with infants whose death was diagnosed as due to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

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Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Concept: Oxygenation

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  1. Sudden Infant Death SyndromeConcept: Oxygenation By: Cathy B. Herbert, RN, MSN

  2. By the end of this module students should be able to: 1. Describe the clinical manifestations and risk factors associated with infants whose death was diagnosed as due to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) 2. Develop a teaching plan for caretakers to prevent the death of infants due to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Objectives

  3. Def.: Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is the unexplained death (after other possible causes have been ruled out), usually during sleep, of a seemingly healthy infant. Sometimes referred to as crib death because the infants often are found dead in their cribs. Definition

  4. Causes: 1)Brain stem abnormalities that control respiratory and autonomic stressors during sleep so that arousal from sleep does not work properly; 2) respiratory infection; 3) prone or side-sleeping and bed sharing; 4) critical developmental period within first 6mos. of life; 5) covert homicide CAUSES

  5. Gestation: Premature/low birth weight babies or being part of multiple birth increase risk for developing SIDS • Sex: male infants are more likely to die of SIDS • Age: infants are most vulnerable during the second and third months of life Risk Factors/ Infant

  6. Race: for reasons not well understood, Black, American Indian and Eskimo infants are more likely to develop SIDS • Family history: infants who have had siblings or cousins die of SIDS are at higher risk of SIDS themselves Risk Factors/Infant (cont)

  7. Mother under the age of 20 • Mother who smokes cigarettes • Drug or alcohol use • Inadequate prenatal care Risk Factors / Maternal

  8. There are no warning signs or early clinical manifestations to indicate a baby will die of SIDS • History of upper respiratory infection • First symptom is cardiopulmonary arrest • Clinical findings after death: evidence of a struggle or change of position; presence of frothy, blood-tinged secretions from mouth and nose; most deaths are unobserved Clinical Manifestations

  9. Place infants on their back to sleep-insist on it! • Select bedding carefully- firm mattress; avoid thick fluffy padding; Avoid overheating infant- use light blanket and do not cover infant’s head • Avoid overheating sleeping room • Infant should sleep alone • Offer a pacifier Prevention

  10. Avoid exposing infant to infection • Breast feed if possible Prevention (cont.)

  11. Knowledge deficit related to risk factors associated with SIDS • Enhanced parenting related to preventive measures associated with SIDS • Grieving • Compromised family coping • Risk for spiritual distress Nursing Diagnoses

  12. Support: Loss of a child is devastating. • Reassure parents they are not at fault • Sibling reaction • Referral to support groups: First Candle http://ww.firstcandle.org Coping and Support

  13. 1. Which child has increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)? a. A neonate born at 32 weeks weighing 4 lb b. A 2 -year-old with a broken arm c. A first-born child d. An infant hospitalized with a temperature of 103 degrees F Review Questions

  14. 2. Which position is recommended for placing an infant to sleep? a. Supine position b. Side-lying position c. Prone position d. With the head of the bed elevated 30 degrees

  15. 3. Which activity should be recommended for long-term support of parents with an infant who has died of sudden infant death syndrome? a. Attending support groups b. Discussing feelings with family and friends c. Attending counseling sessions d. Attending church regularly

  16. 1. “A” 2. “A” 3. “A” Answers

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